Molecular Epidemiological Evidence Implicates Cattle as a Primary Reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni Infecting People via Contaminated Chickens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of the Study Area
2.2. A High Degree of Campylobacter jejuni Strain Diversity Was Observed
2.3. Cattle Were the Dominant Source of Attributable Human Campylobacteriosis Cases
2.4. A High Proportion of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates Were in CGF40 Clusters Comprising Isolates from Multiple Sources
2.5. Cattle Was the Dominant Source of Clinically Relevant CGF40 Clusters
2.6. Additional Evidence Supports Beef Cattle as an Important Reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni Subtypes Infecting Chickens
2.7. A Model for the Indirect Transmission of Bovine Campylobacter jejuni to People via Contamination of the Chicken Supply Chain
2.8. Global Production of Chickens and Cattle Occurs in the Same Geographical Space
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Campylobacteriosis Rates, and Livestock and Manure Production
4.2. Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni
4.3. Identification of Campylobacter jejuni
4.4. Subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates
4.5. Assignment of Sequence Type and Clonal Complex for CGF40 Subtypes
4.6. Source Attribution of Human Campylobacteriosis Cases
4.7. Statistical Analysis of Source Attribution Estimates and Hypothesis Testing
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Teixeira, J.S.; Boras, V.F.; Hetman, B.M.; Taboada, E.N.; Inglis, G.D. Molecular Epidemiological Evidence Implicates Cattle as a Primary Reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni Infecting People via Contaminated Chickens. Pathogens 2022, 11, 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111366
Teixeira JS, Boras VF, Hetman BM, Taboada EN, Inglis GD. Molecular Epidemiological Evidence Implicates Cattle as a Primary Reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni Infecting People via Contaminated Chickens. Pathogens. 2022; 11(11):1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111366
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeixeira, Januana S., Valerie F. Boras, Benjamin M. Hetman, Eduardo N. Taboada, and G. Douglas Inglis. 2022. "Molecular Epidemiological Evidence Implicates Cattle as a Primary Reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni Infecting People via Contaminated Chickens" Pathogens 11, no. 11: 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111366