Helicobacter trogontum Bacteremia and Lower Limb Skin Lesion in a Patient with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Immunology
1.2. Microbiology
1.3. Case Presentation
2. Review of the Literature
3. Discussion
3.1. Why Do Patients with XLA Seem to Be Especially Susceptible to Infection with Enterohepatic Helicobacters?
3.2. What Is the Nature of the Skin Lesions?
3.3. Could Enterohepatic Helicobacters Be the Causative Agents of Other Diseases?
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Database | Search String | Hits | Relevant Hits |
---|---|---|---|
PubMed | Flexispira rappini and human infection | 161 | 9 |
PMC | Flexispira rappini and human infection | 102 | 6 (these were also found in PubMed) |
Embase | Flexispira rappini and human infection | 0 | 0 |
Year | Author | Material | Found | Disease of the Patient | Disease as Cause of Infection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | Tee et al. [13] | Blood culture | Flexispira rappini | Appendectomy and recurrent chest infections over the last 2 years | Pneumonia/Bacteremia |
1999 | Sorlin et al. [14] | Blood culture | Flexispira rappini | End-stage renal failure, chronic pancreatitis and secondary diabetes mellitus | Bacteremia |
1999 | Weir et al. [15] | Blood culture | Flexispira rappini (possible new taxon) | X-linked agammaglobulinemia | Persistent sepsis with leg swelling |
2000 | Cuccherini et al. [16] | Blood/skin | Flexispira rappini | X-linked agammaglobulinemia | Bacteremia, skin/bone infection |
2000 | Han et al. [17] | Pus from the abscess | Flexispira rappini, Helicobacter bilis, and Helicobacter sp. strain Mainz | X-linked agammaglobulinemia | Abdominal abscess |
2001 | Iten et al. [18] | Blood culture | Flexispira rappini taxon 8 | Healthy but skin lesion in relation to travelling | Sweats, chills, fever, diffuse arthralgias, and painful legs |
2001 | Gerrard et al. [19] | Blood samples | Flexispira rappini and Helicobacter canis | X-linked agammaglobulinemia | Recurrent bacteremia and multifocal lower limb cellulitis |
2005 | Brachet-Castang et al. [20] | Blood culture | Flexispira rappini taxon 8 | Common Variable Immunodeficiency | Bacteremia |
2010 | R. Murray et al. [21] | Blood culture | Flexispira rappini Taxon 8 | X-linked agammaglobulinemia | Chronic pyoderma gangrenosum-like leg ulcer |
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Fjordside, L.; Herløv, C.; Drabe, C.H.; Andersen, L.P.; Katzenstein, T.L. Helicobacter trogontum Bacteremia and Lower Limb Skin Lesion in a Patient with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia—A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pathogens 2022, 11, 1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111247
Fjordside L, Herløv C, Drabe CH, Andersen LP, Katzenstein TL. Helicobacter trogontum Bacteremia and Lower Limb Skin Lesion in a Patient with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia—A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pathogens. 2022; 11(11):1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111247
Chicago/Turabian StyleFjordside, Lasse, Caroline Herløv, Camilla Heldbjerg Drabe, Leif Percival Andersen, and Terese L. Katzenstein. 2022. "Helicobacter trogontum Bacteremia and Lower Limb Skin Lesion in a Patient with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia—A Case Report and Review of the Literature" Pathogens 11, no. 11: 1247. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111247