Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Risk Factor Investigation in Portuguese Veterinarians: A Matched Case–Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Detection of Anti-T. gondii Antibodies
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | No. Total/% |
---|---|
Region | |
Coastline | 232/66.3% |
Countryside | 118/33.7% |
Gender | |
Female | 252/72% |
Male | 98/28% |
Ages | |
19–29 years | 187/53.4% |
30–39 years | 139/39.7% |
40–49 years | 18/5.1% |
≥50 years | 6/1.7% |
Years of work | |
1–10 years | 291/83.1% |
11–20 years | 50/14.3% |
>20 years | 9/2.6% |
Cross-Blood Contamination | |
Yes | 274/78.3% |
No | 76/21.7% |
Positive No./% Anti-T. gondii IgG Antibody | Negative No./% Anti-T. gondii IgG Antibody | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
VP | 91/26% | 256/74% | 350 |
Controls | 58/33.1% | 117/66.9% | 175 |
Total | 149/28.4% | 376/71.6% | 525 |
Variable | No. Positive (%) | Univariate Analysis cOR (95% CI)/p Value | Multivariate Analysis aOR (95% CI)/p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Cross-Blood Contamination | |||
No | 13/17.1% | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 78/28.5% | 0.5(0.3–1)/0.048 | 0.6(0.3–1.1)/0.101 |
Gender | |||
Female | 66/26.2% | Ref. | Ref. |
Male | 25/25.5% | 1(0.6–1.8)/0.896 | 0.8(0.5–1.5)/0.567 |
Age | |||
19–29 years | 37/19.8% | Ref. | Ref. |
30–39 years | 43/30.9% | 1.8(1.1–3)/0.022 | 1.6(0.9–2.8)/0.089 |
40–49 years | 8/44.5% | 3.2(1.2–8.8)/0.021 | 3.8(1–14.8)/0.053 |
≥50 years | 3/50 % | 4.1(0.8–20.9)/0.094 | 10.6(1.1–99.4)/0.039 |
Region | |||
Coastline | 63/27.2% | Ref. | Ref. |
Countryside | 28/23.7% | 0.8(0.5–1.4)/0.490 | 0.9(0.5–1.5)/0.628 |
Years of Work | |||
1–10 years | 69/23.7% | Ref. | Ref. |
11–20 years | 19/38% | 2(1–3.7)/0.035 | 1.1(0.5–2.4)/0.857 |
≥20 years | 3/33.3% | 1.6(0.4–6.6)/0.509 | 0.3(0.04–2.5)/0.276 |
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Almeida, D.; Santos-Silva, S.; Pereira, M.A.; Santos, C.; Mega, C.; Coelho, C.; Nóbrega, C.; Esteves, F.; Cruz, R.; Vala, H.; et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Risk Factor Investigation in Portuguese Veterinarians: A Matched Case–Control Study. Pathogens 2022, 11, 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101217
Almeida D, Santos-Silva S, Pereira MA, Santos C, Mega C, Coelho C, Nóbrega C, Esteves F, Cruz R, Vala H, et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Risk Factor Investigation in Portuguese Veterinarians: A Matched Case–Control Study. Pathogens. 2022; 11(10):1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101217
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmeida, Daniela, Sérgio Santos-Silva, Maria Aires Pereira, Carla Santos, Cristina Mega, Catarina Coelho, Carmen Nóbrega, Fernando Esteves, Rita Cruz, Helena Vala, and et al. 2022. "Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Risk Factor Investigation in Portuguese Veterinarians: A Matched Case–Control Study" Pathogens 11, no. 10: 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101217
APA StyleAlmeida, D., Santos-Silva, S., Pereira, M. A., Santos, C., Mega, C., Coelho, C., Nóbrega, C., Esteves, F., Cruz, R., Vala, H., & Mesquita, J. R. (2022). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and Risk Factor Investigation in Portuguese Veterinarians: A Matched Case–Control Study. Pathogens, 11(10), 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101217