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Volume 10
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10.3390/pathogens10101346
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Review

Review of the New Zealand Theileria orientalis Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012

by
Kevin Lawrence
1,*,
Kristene Gedye
1,
Andrew McFadden
2,
David Pulford
2,
Allen Heath
3 and
William Pomroy
1
1
School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4100, New Zealand
2
Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
3
Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2021, 10(10), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101346
Submission received: 27 August 2021 / Revised: 24 September 2021 / Accepted: 27 September 2021 / Published: 19 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bovine Theileriosis Caused by the Theileria orientalis Group)
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Abstract

This article sets out to document and summarise the New Zealand epidemic and the epidemiological research conducted on the epizootic of bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type infection, which began in New Zealand in August 2012. As New Zealand has no other pathogenic tick-borne cattle haemoparasites, the effects of the T. orientalis Ikeda type infection observed in affected herds and individual animals were not confounded by other concurrent haemoparasite infections, as was possibly the case in other countries. This has resulted in an unbiased perspective of a new disease. In addition, as both New Zealand’s beef and dairy cattle systems are seasonally based, this has led to a different epidemiological presentation than that reported by almost all other affected countries. Having verified the establishment of a new disease and identified the associated pathogen, the remaining key requirements of an epidemiological investigation, for a disease affecting production animals, are to describe how the disease spreads, describe the likely impacts of that disease at the individual and herd level and explore methods of disease control or mitigation.
Keywords: Theileria orientalis; Ikeda; New Zealand; Theileria associated bovine anaemia; bovine Theileria orientalis; Ikeda; New Zealand; Theileria associated bovine anaemia; bovine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lawrence, K.; Gedye, K.; McFadden, A.; Pulford, D.; Heath, A.; Pomroy, W. Review of the New Zealand Theileria orientalis Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101346

AMA Style

Lawrence K, Gedye K, McFadden A, Pulford D, Heath A, Pomroy W. Review of the New Zealand Theileria orientalis Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012. Pathogens. 2021; 10(10):1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101346

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lawrence, Kevin, Kristene Gedye, Andrew McFadden, David Pulford, Allen Heath, and William Pomroy. 2021. "Review of the New Zealand Theileria orientalis Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012" Pathogens 10, no. 10: 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101346

APA Style

Lawrence, K., Gedye, K., McFadden, A., Pulford, D., Heath, A., & Pomroy, W. (2021). Review of the New Zealand Theileria orientalis Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012. Pathogens, 10(10), 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101346

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