The Use of Facility Dogs to Bridge the Justice Gap for Survivors of Sexual Offending
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Survivor Journey
1.2. The Video-Recorded Interview
1.3. What about the Perceived Justice?
1.4. Facility Dogs as a Form of Quiet Companionship and Support
1.5. The Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.2.1. Survivors
2.2.2. Interviewing Officers
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Ethics
2.5. Procedures
3. Results
3.1. Data Analysis
3.2. Qualitative Data
3.2.1. A Change in Focus for The Survivor
3.2.2. A Difference in the Survivors’ Engagement
Changes in Demeanour
Consenting to the Police Interview
Enhanced Communication
3.2.3. The Dog as a Comforter to Calm the Survivor
3.2.4. Positive Environment
3.2.5. Summary
3.3. Survey Data
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Survivor Details | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID | Type of Crime | Age | Gender | Additional Info | Additional Support Present | Officer Title | Officer Gender | Police Interview Length |
P1 | Sexual assault | 16 | F | Father (P1b) | Police Constable (P1a) | M | 45 min | |
P2 | Sexual offences | 12 | F | ADHD | Mother (P2b) | Detective Constable—Child Protection (P2a) | F | 60 min |
P3 | Sexual offences | 16 | F | Mother (P3b) | Police Constable (P3a) | F | 45 min | |
P4 | Sexual offences | 21 | F | Learning difficulties | No one | Detective Constable (P4a) | M | 70 min |
P5 | Sexual offences | 7 | F | Mother (P5c); Intermediary (P5b) | Detective Constable—Vulnerable Investigation Team (P5a) | F | 65 min | |
P6 | Sexual offences | 8 | M | ADHD | Mother (P6c); Intermediary (P6b) | Detective Constable (P6a) | F | 24 min |
P7 | Sexual offences | 11 | M | Mother (P7b) | Detective Constable (P7a) | F | 56 min | |
P8 | Sexual offences | 13 | F | Autism | Mother (P8b) | Detective Constable (P8a) | F | 75 min |
P9 | Sexual offences | 20 | F | Anxiety | No one | Detective Constable (P9a) | F | 35 min |
P10 | Sexual assault | 10 | F | Autism | Mother (P10c); Intermediary (P10b); | Detective Constable—Vulnerable Investigation Team (P10a) | F | 25 min |
P11 | Rape | 27 | F | Learning difficulties | Mother (P11b) | Detective Constable (P11a) | F | 65 min |
P12 | Rape of a child under 13 | 11 | F | Autism | Mother (P12b) | Detective Constable—Child Protection (P12a) | F | 60 min |
P13 | Rape of a child under 13 | 13 | F | Autism | Mother (P13c); Intermediary (P13b) | Detective Constable (P13a) | F | 180 min |
Theme | Number of Cases | Example Quote |
---|---|---|
Change of focus for the survivor | n = 13 | P7b: “He [the Facility Dog] really has changed the whole focus for [the witness]. Before it was a scary thing he couldn’t do, but now, it’s something he is excited for.” |
A difference in the survivors’ engagement (Sub-themes: Change in demeanour; Consenting to the police interview; Enhanced communication) | n = 12 | P12a: “The interview went very well, she disclosed and talked more than she had ever in the past. I’ve been working as an interviewer for a few years and never have I seen such a change in response about attending an interview. When I met the individual in the past, she seemed quite withdrawn and timid, but with the dog she was so much more animated. Whereas before she was dreading the interview, she became almost excited about it now that [the Facility Dog] was around.” |
The dog as a comforter to keep the survivor calm | n = 13 | P11: “[He] kept me completely calm. His whole presence that he was there, it was so comforting. I was holding his leash the whole time, I didn’t even need my own squishy toy. He was totally brilliant. I am so happy he was here.” |
Positive environment | n = 10 | P5c: “This is not a child-friendly place, it’s not an inviting place for children. [The Facility Dog] makes it inviting, I think, he makes it feel as though you’re not about to go into an interview.” |
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Spruin, E.; Mozova, K.; Dempster, T.; Freeman, R. The Use of Facility Dogs to Bridge the Justice Gap for Survivors of Sexual Offending. Soc. Sci. 2020, 9, 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060096
Spruin E, Mozova K, Dempster T, Freeman R. The Use of Facility Dogs to Bridge the Justice Gap for Survivors of Sexual Offending. Social Sciences. 2020; 9(6):96. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060096
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpruin, Elizabeth, Katarina Mozova, Tammy Dempster, and Rachel Freeman. 2020. "The Use of Facility Dogs to Bridge the Justice Gap for Survivors of Sexual Offending" Social Sciences 9, no. 6: 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9060096