Decreasing Obesity and Obesity Stigma: Socio-Demographic Differences in Beliefs about Causes of and Responsibility for Obesity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Cause and Responsibility
3.1. Research Questions
- (1)
- Are there variations in attribution of cause for obesity by race, sex, BMI category, and income regarding how much of the obesity problem is related to high agency or low agency factors?
- (2)
- Are there variations in attribution of responsibility for obesity in terms of individual responsibility vs. societal responsibility by race, sex, BMI category and income?
3.2. Sample
3.3. Measures
- Poor eating habits
- Watching too much television
- Not getting enough physical exercise
- Restaurant portions that are too large
- Genetics, or a family history
- Lack of information on good eating habits
- Lack of information about food content
- The marketing of sweets and other high calorie foods to children
- The cost of buying healthy foods
- Individual Americans in their choice of diet and lack of exercise
- Manufacturers of high-calorie packaged or processed foods
- Marketers and advertisers of high-calorie packaged and processed foods
- Fast-food restaurants
- Government policies and laws on food content and marketing
- Schools that allow high-calorie snacks and sweets
3.4. Analysis
3.5. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Attributions, Stigma, and Interventions
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Percentage | Mean | Standard Deviation | Range | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Female | 47.45 | - | - | - |
Male | 52.55 | - | - | - |
BMI Category | ||||
Underweight | 2.71 | - | - | - |
Normal | 43.99 | - | - | - |
Overweight | 36.18 | - | - | - |
Obese | 17.33 | - | - | - |
Race | ||||
White | 80.72 | - | - | - |
African American | 8.02 | - | - | - |
Hispanic | 4.77 | - | - | - |
Other | 6.50 | - | - | - |
Income in Thousands | ||||
<20 | 12.32 | - | - | - |
20–35 | 17.19 | - | - | - |
35–50 | 17.65 | - | - | - |
50–75 | 18.66 | - | - | - |
75–100 | 13.14 | - | - | - |
100+ | 15.99 | - | - | - |
Age | 44.72 | 15.35 | 18–85 | |
Cause | ||||
High Agency | - | 8.73 | 1.54 | 3–12 |
Low Agency | - | 11.74 | 2.78 | 5–20 |
Responsibility | ||||
Individual | - | 3.57 | 0.78 | 1–5 |
Societal | - | 14.26 | 4.11 | 5–25 |
Causation | Responsibility | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
High Agency | Low Agency | Individual | Societal | |
Female 1 | 0.28 (0.10) ** | 1.00 (0.18) *** | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.74 (0.28) ** |
BMI Category 2 | ||||
Underweight | −0.43 (0.31) | 0.30 (0.55) | −0.20 (0.16) | −0.46 (0.83) |
Overweight | −0.18 (0.12) | −0.12 (0.20) | −0.03 (0.06) | −0.21 (0.31) |
Obese | −0.15 (0.14) | 0.09 (0.25) | −0.09 (0.07) | 0.13 (0.38) |
Race 3 | ||||
Black | −0.69 (0.19) *** | 1.27 (0.33) *** | −0.07 (0.10) | 1.82 (0.50) *** |
Hispanic | 0.23 (0.24) | 1.45 (0.42) ** | −0.15 (0.12) | 1.24 (0.64) |
Other | −0.17 (0.21) | 1.22 (0.36) ** | −0.12 (0.10) | 1.46 (0.55) ** |
Income | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.01 (0.00) ** | 0.003 (0.01) *** | −0.00 (0.0) |
Age | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.01) ** | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.03 (0.00) ** |
F | 3.90 *** | 9.60 *** | 2.86 ** | 3.50 *** |
R2 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
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Brady, C. Decreasing Obesity and Obesity Stigma: Socio-Demographic Differences in Beliefs about Causes of and Responsibility for Obesity. Soc. Sci. 2016, 5, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci5010012
Brady C. Decreasing Obesity and Obesity Stigma: Socio-Demographic Differences in Beliefs about Causes of and Responsibility for Obesity. Social Sciences. 2016; 5(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci5010012
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrady, Christy. 2016. "Decreasing Obesity and Obesity Stigma: Socio-Demographic Differences in Beliefs about Causes of and Responsibility for Obesity" Social Sciences 5, no. 1: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci5010012
APA StyleBrady, C. (2016). Decreasing Obesity and Obesity Stigma: Socio-Demographic Differences in Beliefs about Causes of and Responsibility for Obesity. Social Sciences, 5(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci5010012