Dinner Table Experience in the Flyover Provinces: A Bricolage of Rural Deaf and Disabled Artistry in Saskatchewan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Positioning
3. Context: Research in “the Flyover” Provinces
It is a grey day. Farmers are continually thwarted by rain, unable to get their crops off in a timely manner. A few days ago, a farmer snapped and parked his daughter in his truck, left the ignition on in order to induce death by carbon monoxide poisoning. Despite the meager supports available to the family (who was struggling with the care for the daughter, unable to move independently, and a newborn baby), the daughter was sacrificed against the economic, social, and personal survival of the family.
3.1. “A Perfectly Nice Guy”: Convergences of Race, Gender, and Disability
It would be easy to play our neighbour as the heavy—the big John Deere tractor loafing diesel fumes as he goes home for lunch, passing a petition the first year we were here to close down the village school because the cost of accommodating a child who used a wheelchair might raise taxes too high. A big landowner, a successful farmer, bent on passing to his children a farm homesteaded by ancestors a century ago…It would be easy to say that the greed…that would refuse ramps to a child in a wheelchair (that would suggest, in fact, that the child should have his legs amputated so he could be fitted with prosthesis and taught to climb stairs) is monstrous greed…but such a metaphoric reading is itself cramped and cruel, no better than scapegoating. My neighbour is a perfectly nice guy.(p. 30)
3.2. “Ring Those Phones!”: Rurality, Charity, and Sanism
…[Douglas] pays a visit to the mental hospital at Weyburn, where he meets a patient walking along on the grounds.‘How are you sir, and what is your name?’‘Oh fine,’ the patient said. ‘My name is Bob. Who are you?’‘Oh I’m Tommy Douglas. You know, the premier of Saskatchewan.’The patient gives him a suspicious glance, then replies: ‘That’s all right, you’ll get over it. I thought I was Napoleon when I came here.’(p. 129)
During the two-hour-long performance…audiences of 25 individuals walked through the once-locked wards, corridors, electric shock treatment rooms, and holding cells. …Escorted by former psychiatric nurses, they were taken on a journey through 100 years of mental treatment in Saskatchewan. The materiality of the experience (the smells, sounds, textures and light)…underscored the…horrible details of medical successes and failed experiments.
4. Methodology
4.1. Methods
4.1.1. Interviews
4.1.2. Jam Sessions
4.2. Creative Analytic Practice (CAP)
5. Findings
5.1. Jam Sessions as Dinner Table “Flourishing”
- Participant 1:
- [releases a throaty groan]
- Maria: [speaking]
- “I’m just frustrated right now”
- Participant 2: [speaking]
- “uuuhhhh….” [begins groaning]
- Lee Hope: [speaking]
- “inhale, exhale to try and calm down”
5.2. Dinner Table Experience as Being Overlooked
The table is an important metaphor in my life…for [my mother], the dinner table was always a challenge and very seldom a pleasure, because of course she was expected to do it all and though my dad was helpful, usually at that time we still had, you know, we had three acres outside of town and my dad had chores. My dad took care of the outside. There is another traditional literary metaphor that goes back to the last century about house and horse, the female perspective is supposedly and this argument uh, embodies by what’s inside the house like a dinner table, where a man is outside in the garden, say, or in the barn, or riding a horse or riding to the damsel’s rescue or whatever.
I love my family but its so frustrating…so many times I have asked my family member what they are talking about at the table…and often they will say ‘hold on’ and make me wait and wait. …But that’s what my family does…they will not accept the fact that I cannot hear them at all. I have been Deaf since birth…my family has asked that I get the cochlear implant and I told them that I can’t, I am much too old and it would not work for me.
And also on the other side of things it’s like people might, people might be cracking a joke and I might not get it right away because of cognitive processing. So it might take me three days later I’ll get that joke but in the moment it’s like Oh, I don’t know. I don’t know what they’ve said…or what it was, right? So that’s kind of weird in a sense because you don’t know if they are making jokes about you or the people around you.
6. Reflection
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Commonly lowercase “deaf” is used to refer to audiological impairment while uppercase “Deaf” refers to a cultural group who share beliefs, practices, and a language (American Sign Language). Here, however, we lean into lowercase “deaf” to reflect the recommendation by Friedner and Kusters (2015) to eschew binarization between groups of deaf people and to reflect the notion of deafhood (Ladd 2003) as a state of becoming in which traits belonging to both realities noted by the use of “d” and “D” are often used according to shifting circumstances. |
2 | The dinner table phenomenon is metaphorical because it represents not only something that happens at dinner time but also the experience of missing out on overlapping conversation that can happen, for example, while a radio is playing during a car ride, children are playing on the playground, and people are gathering during holiday gatherings. Meek (2020) is clear that dinner table experience happens in most any “other instances where a deaf individual interacts with a group of people” (p. 1676), and this experience is especially prominent in the lives of deaf people with hearing families (Listman and Kurz 2020). |
3 | We acknowledge the work of Monte Hardy for bringing the idea of “dinner table experience” to this project in early 2020 during his work as a research assistant for the The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Insight Development Grant titled, “Troubling Vocalities: Disability and Deaf Art on the Canadian Prairies.” At Hardy’s suggestion, we orchestrated an ASL-first methodology that was later translated into English. |
4 | The cultural erasure of Tracy’s personhood is also well documented elsewhere (Heavin 2001; Sobsey n.d.). Notably, in a 2003 book chapter describing national reaction to the Latimer case as that which aligns with representational patterns of disability in Canadian literature, Truchan-Tataryn (2003) points to an episode of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation radio show Ideas wherein Hingsburger described a drama class improvisational activity centered on the scene of Tracy’s death. The actors initially portrayed Robert Latimer “as a loving father” in a scene about parenthood. When asked to portray Tracy, the actors struggled. “What would she think?” Hingsuberg asked one actor. “Tracy was retarded”, the actor replied, “Do they think?” (p. 11). |
5 | The Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission (2016) report, called Access and Equality for Deaf, deaf, and Hard of Hearing People: A Report to Stakeholders, noted that preschool opportunities for deaf children are rare, and services for deaf children entering elementary school are problematic (p. 8). In Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission (2021), an update to the report was published. The update, Access and Equality for Deaf, deaf, and Hard of Hearing People: Update to Stakeholders 2021, names actions undertaken to address disparities in programs and services for deaf persons: universal newborn hearing screening (p. 22), implementation of visual bus announcements on City of Saskatoon Transit Service (p. 22), and new provisions around university-based notetaking support (p. 25) among others. That these actions are brand new offer a glimpse into the audiocentric world deaf folks are navigating in the province. |
6 | Years later, while teaching an introductory course in critical disability studies, Jones’s students were surprised to learn that telethons still existed. United States-based writing on telethons often describes them as events of the past that spectacularized charity-based tropes (Haller 2010) and offered a “‘new’ freak show” (Smit 2003, p. 689) and left and imprint on our cultural understandings of disability in ways that tend to be oblivious to artistic and cultural movements crafted by disabled folks (Shapiro 1994). |
7 | Tommy Douglas is widely credited as being the “father of Canada’s health-care system” and in 2004 was awarded the honour of “greatest Canadian” by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2004). |
8 | We wish to thank the editors of this special issue for pointing out that the temporal aspects of the dinner table experience are alive in Kelsey’s account. The editors thoughtfully suggested that Kelsey’s experience points to new facets of crip time “entangled with audiocentric experiences”. |
9 | In a follow-up email conversation with Foster about this quotation, she explained: “We individually and collectively understand that without the collective presence, our presence is weakened and the fights that we have fought and have made some tiny wins within, will be once again be lost to the community. That is to say, without the onerous work of ‘keeping up’ with what the funders and other organizations are doing, the shifts we have instigated and insisted on being sustainable will drift back into the ethos of the living skies” (Foster, personal communication, 2 February 2023). |
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Jones, C.T.; Weber, J.; Atwal, A.; Pridmore, H. Dinner Table Experience in the Flyover Provinces: A Bricolage of Rural Deaf and Disabled Artistry in Saskatchewan. Soc. Sci. 2023, 12, 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030125
Jones CT, Weber J, Atwal A, Pridmore H. Dinner Table Experience in the Flyover Provinces: A Bricolage of Rural Deaf and Disabled Artistry in Saskatchewan. Social Sciences. 2023; 12(3):125. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030125
Chicago/Turabian StyleJones, Chelsea Temple, Joanne Weber, Abneet Atwal, and Helen Pridmore. 2023. "Dinner Table Experience in the Flyover Provinces: A Bricolage of Rural Deaf and Disabled Artistry in Saskatchewan" Social Sciences 12, no. 3: 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030125