Attitudes toward “Non-Traditional” Mothers: Examining the Antecedents of Mothers’ Competence Perceptions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
The Current Study
2. Method
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Materials and Measures
2.3. Data Analyses
2.4. Preliminary Analyses and Results
3. Main Results
3.1. Perceptions of Mothers’ Competence
3.2. Attributions of Responsibility
3.3. Moderated Mediation Analysis
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Two different-sex parent households have been referred to in the literature as the “traditional family,” with any variation from this family structure labelled “non-traditional”. Occasionally, for ease of discussion, we also adopted these heuristics for non-heterosexual and non-biological mothers (i.e., “non traditional mothers”). |
2 | The ontologization process is placed within the dehumanization processes and involves the use of a social representation implying the nature–culture and/or animal–human binaries to classify both ingroup and outgroup members. For instance, studies within the ontologization paradigm have focused on the attribution of lesser humanity to some minority groups and more cultural/human characteristics to the ingroup members compared to the outgroup members (Berti et al. 2013; Pérez et al. 2002). |
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Competence | 1 | |||
2. Attribution | −0.546 ** | 1 | ||
3. Sexual Prejudice | −0.117 | 0.408 ** | 1 | |
4. Gender Role Beliefs | −0.187 * | 0.525 ** | 0.631 ** | 1 |
Coefficient | SE | t | p | LLCI | ULCI | |
Direct Effect | ||||||
Competence as DV | ||||||
Constant | 5.74 | 0.19 | 28.94 | 0.00 | 5.3476 | 6.1289 |
X1 | −0.23 | 0.21 | −1.11 | 0.27 | −0.6355 | 0.1768 |
X2 | −0.18 | 0.20 | −0.92 | 0.36 | −0.5838 | 0.2128 |
X3 | −0.38 | 0.20 | −1.92 | 0.06 | −0.7742 | 0.0104 |
Attribution of Culpability | −0.65 | 0.07 | −9.21 | 0.00 | −0.7910 | −0.5122 |
Attribution of Culpability as DV | ||||||
Constant | 2.05 | 0.26 | 7.70 | 0.00 | 1.5232 | 2.5708 |
X1 | −1.17 | 0.38 | −3.08 | 0.00 | −1.9272 | −0.4235 |
X2 | −0.98 | 0.37 | −2.64 | 0.01 | −1.7144 | −0.2511 |
X3 | 1.21 | 0.38 | 3.22 | 0.00 | 1.9537 | 0.4714 |
Gender Role Beliefs | −0.03 | 0.09 | −0.29 | 0.77 | −0.2252 | 0.1677 |
X1 x Gender Role Beliefs | 0.68 | 0.14 | 5.03 | 0.00 | 0.4173 | 0.9546 |
X2 x Gender Role Beliefs | 0.60 | 0.13 | 4.47 | 0.00 | 0.3373 | 0.8698 |
X3 x Gender Role Beliefs | 0.70 | 0.14 | 4.91 | 0.00 | 0.4202 | 0.9833 |
Effect | Boot SE | Boot LLCI | Boot ULCI | |||
Conditional Indirect Effect for Traditional Gender Role Beliefs | ||||||
Low Level (X1) | 0.12 | 0.15 | −0.1600 | 0.4297 | ||
Low Level (X2) | 0.08 | 0.12 | −0.1491 | 0.3340 | ||
Low Level (X3) | 0.14 | 0.11 | −0.0610 | 0.3665 | ||
Medium Level (X1) | −0.38 | 0.11 | −0.5984 | −0.1504 | ||
Medium Level (X2) | −0.36 | 0.10 | −0.5509 | −0.1596 | ||
Medium Level (X3) | −0.37 | 0.09 | −0.5540 | −0.1886 | ||
High Level (X1) | −0.86 | 0.18 | −1.2167 | −0.4860 | ||
High Level (X2) | −0.79 | 0.19 | −1.1654 | −0.4286 | ||
High Level (X3) | −0.87 | 0.17 | −1.2054 | −0.5466 | ||
Index of Moderated Mediation | ||||||
Gender Role Beliefs | −0.46 | 0.09 | −0.6572 | −0.2677 |
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Di Battista, S.; Salvati, M.; Ertan, I.; Pivetti, M. Attitudes toward “Non-Traditional” Mothers: Examining the Antecedents of Mothers’ Competence Perceptions. Soc. Sci. 2022, 11, 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11110495
Di Battista S, Salvati M, Ertan I, Pivetti M. Attitudes toward “Non-Traditional” Mothers: Examining the Antecedents of Mothers’ Competence Perceptions. Social Sciences. 2022; 11(11):495. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11110495
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Battista, Silvia, Marco Salvati, Irem Ertan, and Monica Pivetti. 2022. "Attitudes toward “Non-Traditional” Mothers: Examining the Antecedents of Mothers’ Competence Perceptions" Social Sciences 11, no. 11: 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11110495
APA StyleDi Battista, S., Salvati, M., Ertan, I., & Pivetti, M. (2022). Attitudes toward “Non-Traditional” Mothers: Examining the Antecedents of Mothers’ Competence Perceptions. Social Sciences, 11(11), 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11110495