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Volume 16
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10.3390/buildings16010142
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Performance-Based Assessment of Nonlinear Pendulum Impact Dampers for Structural Risk and Resilience

by
Muhammad Ayaz Akbar
1,
Hassan Raza
2,* and
Naveed Husnain
3
1
Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Buildings 2026, 16(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16010142 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 November 2025 / Revised: 23 December 2025 / Accepted: 26 December 2025 / Published: 27 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk and Resilience Assessment and Decision-Making for Building Structures)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Extreme events often provoke critical structural vibrations, compromising building performance and resilience. Particle impact dampers (PIDs) are widely recognized as effective passive vibration control devices; however, their nonlinear dynamics and unpredictable particle motion limit adaptability under uncertain hazard conditions. This study introduces a pendulum-type PID configuration designed to enhance controllability and energy dissipation by tuning particle frequency through suspension. Both the primary structure and particles are modeled as pendulums, and their interactions are analyzed under free and forced vibration scenarios. A comprehensive parametric study reveals that increasing the frequency ratio (F.R), defined as the ratio of particle natural frequency to that of the structure, significantly improves damping efficiency. At F.R = 5.0, with clearance <!-- MathType@Translator@5@5@MathML2 (no namespace).tdl@MathML 2.0 (no namespace)@ -->

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MDPI and ACS Style

Akbar, M.A.; Raza, H.; Husnain, N. Performance-Based Assessment of Nonlinear Pendulum Impact Dampers for Structural Risk and Resilience. Buildings 2026, 16, 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16010142

AMA Style

Akbar MA, Raza H, Husnain N. Performance-Based Assessment of Nonlinear Pendulum Impact Dampers for Structural Risk and Resilience. Buildings. 2026; 16(1):142. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16010142

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akbar, Muhammad Ayaz, Hassan Raza, and Naveed Husnain. 2026. "Performance-Based Assessment of Nonlinear Pendulum Impact Dampers for Structural Risk and Resilience" Buildings 16, no. 1: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16010142

APA Style

Akbar, M. A., Raza, H., & Husnain, N. (2026). Performance-Based Assessment of Nonlinear Pendulum Impact Dampers for Structural Risk and Resilience. Buildings, 16(1), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16010142

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