Investigating the Use of Luminous Capsule Bubble Tiles in Smart Structures to Improve Reflexology
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Special Design of Tile Mould
3. Materials
3.1. Mix Ratio
3.2. Spring System for Pressure Points
3.3. Copper Plate
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis
- The first peak, located between 10 and 15°, is a high-intensity peak associated with a specific crystallographic orientation of Al2O3, which is stronger than the peak observed at 160 to 170°.
- The second peak, at 23–25°and slightly below 140°, indicates a particular crystallographic plane with a lesser concentration of Al2O3.
- The third peak, identified between 27 and 30°, has an intensity corresponding to 170° and indicates a significant concentration of Al2O3 at this crystallographic orientation.
4.2. Water Absorption Test
4.3. Bulk Density
4.4. Wet Transverse/Flexural Strength
4.5. Slip Resistance Test
4.6. Flatness Test
4.7. Rectangularity Test
4.8. Solar Reflectance Index
4.9. Human Analysis
4.10. Ellipse Area in Lateral and Longitudinal
4.11. Thermal Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S. No | Parameter | Left Foot | Right Foot |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Ellipse Area (Eyes Open) | 100 cm2 | 34.3 mm2 |
2. | Weight Distribution (Eyes Open) | 52.7% (heel), 47.3% (toe) | 54.8% (heel), 45.2% (toe) |
3. | Circular Area (Eyes Open) | 721 mm2 | 583 mm2 |
4. | Asymmetry (Eyes Open) | 19.0% | 19.0% |
5. | Romberg Quotient (Eyes Open) | 7.9 | 4.83 |
6. | Heel–Toe Weight Distribution (Eyes Open) | 60.8% (heel), 39.2% (toe) | 56.4% (heel), 43.6% (toe) |
7. | Ellipse Area (Eyes Closed) | 5695 mm2 | 2818 mm2 |
8. | Asymmetry (Eyes Closed) | 50.5% | 50.5% |
9. | Romberg Quotient (Eyes Closed) | 7.9 | 4.83 |
10. | Heel–Toe Weight Distribution (Eyes Closed) | 51.4% (heel), 48.6% (toe) | 63.8% (heel), 36.2% (toe) |
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Poyyamozhi, M.; Ravichandran, P.T.; Bharathidass, K.; Murugesan, B.; Vadivelan, K.; Alsafyani, M.; Nureldeen, W.; Rajamanickam, N. Investigating the Use of Luminous Capsule Bubble Tiles in Smart Structures to Improve Reflexology. Buildings 2025, 15, 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071092
Poyyamozhi M, Ravichandran PT, Bharathidass K, Murugesan B, Vadivelan K, Alsafyani M, Nureldeen W, Rajamanickam N. Investigating the Use of Luminous Capsule Bubble Tiles in Smart Structures to Improve Reflexology. Buildings. 2025; 15(7):1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071092
Chicago/Turabian StylePoyyamozhi, Mukilan, Panruti Thangaraj Ravichandran, Kavishri Bharathidass, Balasubramanian Murugesan, Kanniappan Vadivelan, Majed Alsafyani, Waleed Nureldeen, and Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam. 2025. "Investigating the Use of Luminous Capsule Bubble Tiles in Smart Structures to Improve Reflexology" Buildings 15, no. 7: 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071092
APA StylePoyyamozhi, M., Ravichandran, P. T., Bharathidass, K., Murugesan, B., Vadivelan, K., Alsafyani, M., Nureldeen, W., & Rajamanickam, N. (2025). Investigating the Use of Luminous Capsule Bubble Tiles in Smart Structures to Improve Reflexology. Buildings, 15(7), 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071092