Study on the Coupling of Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) and Passive Heating in Cold Regions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Building Model Establishment
2.2. Air-Source Heat Pump Model Establishment
2.3. Simulation and Analysis
2.3.1. Simulation and Analysis of Traditional Mode (Mode 1)
2.3.2. ASHP and Passive Heating Coupled System Simulation and Analysis (Mode 2)
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Analysis and Discussion of Operational Results for Mode 1 and Mode 2
- In Mode 1, when the outdoor temperature is above −25 °C, meeting the minimum operating conditions for the air-source heat pump, heating can be performed. However, at lower temperatures, the heat pump’s heating efficiency is reduced. The heating system is jointly provided by the air-source heat pump and the electric heating water tank. When the outdoor temperature is below −25 °C the heat pump cannot operate, stopping its function, and only the electric heating water tank works.
- In Mode 2, the additional sunroom continuously captures solar energy during the day, maintaining the sunroom temperature and continuously providing energy for the ASHP’s heating. All the heat required for the building’s heat load is provided by the air-source heat pump, achieving the design target indoor temperature of 20 °C. The input heat of the air-source heat pump is less than the heat gained by the heating sunroom, indicating that under the given conditions, the input heat of the air-source heat pump can be fully supplied by the sunroom, as shown in Figure 13.
- Mode 2 has a significant advantage over Mode 1 in reducing energy consumption. Compared to Mode 1, the average power consumption is reduced by 74.63 kWh, and energy consumption is decreased by 66.88%. Moreover, Mode 2 is simpler to operate, with the heat pump outdoor unit placed in the sunroom. Therefore, in practical applications, the ASHP coupled with the passive heating system has great prospects for use in severely cold regions.
3.2. All-Weather Operational Design Strategy and Application
- Placing PCM alongside heating equipment: This method allows the PCM to absorb or release heat, achieving energy savings in heating. When the heating system is operating, the PCM absorbs heat; when the heating system stops, the PCM releases the absorbed heat, delaying the drop in indoor temperature [46], as shown in Figure 14.
- 2.
- Applying PCM to the enclosing structure of the heating space: The PCM is influenced by the indoor temperature; it absorbs heat when the indoor temperature is higher than the PCM temperature and releases the absorbed heat when the indoor temperature is lower than the PCM temperature [47], as shown in Figure 15.
- 3.
- Adding phase change heat storage materials to the floor can also enhance heating efficiency. When the heating medium flows back to the water tank from the heating terminal, it passes through the phase change heat storage materials inside the floor. At night, when the system stops heating, the phase change materials release the absorbed heat [48], as shown in Figure 16.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Length (m) | Width (m) | Height (m) | South Window (m2) | North Window (m2) | Exterior Door (m2) | Heating Area (m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15.7 | 7.2 | 3.3 | 12.15 | 15.3 | 4.4 | 57.5 |
Name | Structure | U-Value (W/m2·K) |
---|---|---|
Exterior Wall | Clay brick wall with external insulation board | 0.40 |
Interior Wall | Clay brick wall | 1.189 |
Exterior Door | Metal insulated door | 1.84 |
Building + Sunroom Windows | 13 mm thick double-glazed window | 1.96 |
Roof | Insulated sloped roof with steel sheet | 0.25 |
Equipment Name | Parameter | Quantity |
---|---|---|
Air-Source Heat Pump | Heating capacity: 14 kW, rated power: 4.2 kW (ambient temperature: 7 °C DB/6 °C WB), operating temperature range: −25 to 43 °C, water flow rate: 1.75 m3/h, water pressure drop: 50 kPa. | 1 |
Thermal Storage Tank | Capacity 80 L, height 940 mm, bottom diameter 462 mm | 1 |
Time | Heat Gain (kWh) | Time | Heat Gain (kWh) |
---|---|---|---|
8:00–9:00 | 2.03 | 13:00–14:00 | 26.84 |
9:00–10:00 | 10.77 | 14:00–15:00 | 23.08 |
10:00–11:00 | 21.00 | 15:00–16:00 | 14.17 |
11:00–12:00 | 26.07 | 16:00–17:00 | 0.86 |
12:00–13:00 | 27.94 | 17:00–18:00 | 0.00 |
Building Heating Load (kWh) | Average Indoor Temperature (°C) | Heat Pump Electricity Consumption (kWh) | System Heat Output (kWh) | Water Tank Electricity Consumption (kWh) | Total System Electricity Consumption (kWh) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
86.67 | 16.74 | 2.35 | 64.88 | 109.24 | 111.59 |
Building Heating Load (kWh) | Average Indoor Temperature (°C) | Heat Pump Electricity Consumption (kWh) | System Heat Output (kWh) | Water Tank Electricity Consumption (kWh) | Total System Electricity Consumption (kWh) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
86.67 | 20.00 | 36.96 | 99.41 | 0.00 | 36.96 |
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Jiao, F.; Li, G.; Zhang, C.; Liu, J. Study on the Coupling of Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) and Passive Heating in Cold Regions. Buildings 2024, 14, 2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082410
Jiao F, Li G, Zhang C, Liu J. Study on the Coupling of Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) and Passive Heating in Cold Regions. Buildings. 2024; 14(8):2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082410
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiao, Feipeng, Guopeng Li, Chunjie Zhang, and Jiyuan Liu. 2024. "Study on the Coupling of Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) and Passive Heating in Cold Regions" Buildings 14, no. 8: 2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082410
APA StyleJiao, F., Li, G., Zhang, C., & Liu, J. (2024). Study on the Coupling of Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) and Passive Heating in Cold Regions. Buildings, 14(8), 2410. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082410