Effects of Welding Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Fiber Laser Welded Dissimilar Butt Joints between AISI316L and EH36
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Experimental Method
2.1. Laser Welding Specimen
2.2. Procedure of Laser Welding
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Appearance of the Weld Cross Section
3.2. Microstructure of the Joint
3.3. Mechanical Property and Fracture Behaviour
3.3.1. Microhardness
3.3.2. Tensile Properties
3.3.3. Impact Toughness
4. Conclusions
- When the welding speed was lower than 0.8 m/min, the weld defect was in the form of excess penetration, while, the defect of in-completed penetration and pores occurred when the welding speed faster than 1.0 m/min. A sound seam appearance was obtained when the welding speed was about 0.8 m/min.
- The major phase in the center seam was martensite because of the ratio of Nieq and Creq located in the martensite zone, and then the content of the alloy elements and cooling rate also lead to the formation of martensite.
- The microhardness of joint fluctuates slightly along the weld across section, it is about 350 HV0.3, which is twice higher than that of base materials (it is about 180 HV0.3). This was caused by the formation of lath martensite. The value of microhardness in the heat affect zone (HAZ) of EH36 is about 240 HV0.3.
- The tensile strength of the joint with full penetration is better than the dissimilar metals. The cup and cone phenomenon (dimple fracture) was found. The highest absorbed impact energy is 73.9 J. The impact toughness of the seam with different welding speed is acceptable. A sound seam with high mechanical properties can be obtained with higher welding speeds on the basis of full-penetration being accomplished. This can provide guidelines for the shipbuilding industry.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | C | Mn | N | Si | Ni | Cr | P | S | Mo | Fe | Ceq | Pcm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
316L | ≤0.03 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.1 | ≤1.0 | 10~14 | 16~18 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 2~3 | Bal. | - | - |
EH36 | 0.17 | 1.46 | 0.0023 | 0.32 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.012 | 0.0007 | 0.01 | Bal. | 0.43 | 0.26 |
Experiment Number (No.) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Welding speed (m/min) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
Laser power (kW) | 4 | ||||
Defocus amount (mm) | −2 | ||||
Shielding gas | Argon | ||||
Flow rate of shielding gas | 25 L/min | ||||
Incident angle of laser beam | 10° |
Welding Speed (m/min) | UTS (MPa) | Fracture Location |
---|---|---|
0.4 | 555.52 | EH36 |
0.6 | 520.60 | EH36 |
0.8 | 517.50 | Weld metal |
1.0 | 509.63 | Weld metal |
1.2 | 490.87 | Weld metal |
Temperature (°C) | Welding Speed (m/min) | Impact Energy (J) |
---|---|---|
−40 | 0.4 | 32.3 |
−40 | 0.6 | 42.9 |
−40 | 0.8 | 73.9 |
−40 | 1.0 | 37.55 |
−40 | 1.2 | 34.4 |
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Cao, L.; Shao, X.; Jiang, P.; Zhou, Q.; Rong, Y.; Geng, S.; Mi, G. Effects of Welding Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Fiber Laser Welded Dissimilar Butt Joints between AISI316L and EH36. Metals 2017, 7, 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070270
Cao L, Shao X, Jiang P, Zhou Q, Rong Y, Geng S, Mi G. Effects of Welding Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Fiber Laser Welded Dissimilar Butt Joints between AISI316L and EH36. Metals. 2017; 7(7):270. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070270
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Longchao, Xinyu Shao, Ping Jiang, Qi Zhou, Youmin Rong, Shaoning Geng, and Gaoyang Mi. 2017. "Effects of Welding Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Fiber Laser Welded Dissimilar Butt Joints between AISI316L and EH36" Metals 7, no. 7: 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7070270