Effect of Controlled Cooling on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Low C Nb-Ti-Containing HSLA Steel for Construction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Tensile Properties
3.2. Microstructure
Multiphase Microstructure Observations
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure
4.1.1. Effect of Cooling Rate on the QPF + GBF
4.1.2. Effect of Cooling Rate on the M/A Constituent
4.2. Effect of Cooling Rate on the YS
4.3. Effect of Cooling Rate on the TS and YR
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The microstructure consisting of QPF + GBF + M/A constituent forms in samples with varied cooling rate of 5–20 °C/s. The Ar3 decreased with increasing cooling rate, resulting in increasing GBF, and decreasing QPF and M/A constituents.
- (2)
- The increasing cooling rate reduces the precipitation of fine particles, but leads to a decreasing effective grain size of GBF and QPF, and an increasing density of dislocations, thereby resulting in an increase in the overall YS.
- (3)
- The decreasing cooling rate leads to increased amounts of M/A constituent, and hence an improved overall strain-hardening capacity of the multiphase microstructure, accordingly resulting in a lowered YR.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | Nb | Ti | AlS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.06 | 0.28 | 1.47 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.035 | 0.018 | 0.024 |
CR/°C | YS/MPa | TS/MPa | Δσ/MPa | YR |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 476 ± 11 | 675 ± 7 | 199 ± 9 | 0.70 ± 0.02 |
10 | 498 ± 9 | 680 ± 6 | 182 ± 7 | 0.73 ± 0.01 |
15 | 521 ± 10 | 686 ± 7 | 165 ± 8 | 0.76 ± 0.02 |
20 | 537 ± 7 | 692 ± 5 | 155 ± 4 | 0.78 ± 0.01 |
CR °C/s | Phase Composition | fM/A/% | fRA/% | CM/A/wt. % | f2°≤θ≤15°/% | MED2°≤θ≤15°/μm | Dp/nm | fp/% | ρ/×1014 m−2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | QPF + GBF + M/A | 7.7 ± 0.4 | 0.76 ± 0.17 | 0.54 | 45 | 6.05 | 30.7 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.3 × 10−4 | 3.82 ± 0.05 |
10 | QPF + GBF + M/A | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 1.28 ± 0.15 | 0.73 | 51 | 4.90 | 26.8 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.4 × 10−4 | 4.10 ± 0.03 |
15 | QPF + GBF + M/A | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 1.67 ± 0.13 | 1.00 | 54 | 3.71 | 22.6 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.3 × 10−4 | 4.21 ± 0.06 |
20 | QPF + GBF + LBF + M/A | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 2.31 ± 0.16 | 1.16 | 59 | 3.37 | 20.4 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 × 10−4 | 4.39 ± 0.04 |
CR/°C/s | YS/MPa | σ0 + σs + σM/A/MPa | σd(MED2°≤θ≤15°)/MPa | σρ/MPa | σppt/MPa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 476 | 106 | 171 | 163 | 36 |
10 | 498 | 110 | 190 | 169 | 29 |
15 | 521 | 107 | 218 | 171 | 25 |
20 | 537 | 115 | 229 | 175 | 18 |
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Fan, Y.; Wang, Q.; Liu, H.; Wang, T.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, F. Effect of Controlled Cooling on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Low C Nb-Ti-Containing HSLA Steel for Construction. Metals 2017, 7, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7010023
Fan Y, Wang Q, Liu H, Wang T, Wang Q, Zhang F. Effect of Controlled Cooling on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Low C Nb-Ti-Containing HSLA Steel for Construction. Metals. 2017; 7(1):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7010023
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Yi, Qian Wang, Hongwu Liu, Tongliang Wang, Qingfeng Wang, and Fucheng Zhang. 2017. "Effect of Controlled Cooling on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Low C Nb-Ti-Containing HSLA Steel for Construction" Metals 7, no. 1: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7010023