Removal of Reactive Black 5 Azo Dye from Aqueous Solutions by a Combination of Reduction and Natural Adsorbents Processes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Production of Fe Based Alloy
2.3. Preparation of Reactive Black 5 Solution
2.4. Experimental Analysis Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Nanocrystalline FeSiB Powders
3.2. Decolorization of RB5 Aqueous Solution by Using Nanocrystalline FeSiB Powders
Fe → Fe3+ + 3e− (anode)
H2O → H3O+ + OH−
2H3O+ + 2e−→ [H2] + 2H2O
R–N=N–R’ + [H2] → R–NH–NH–R′
R–NH–NH–R′ + H2→ R–NH2 + R′–NH2
3.3. Secondary Treatment of Decolorized RB5 Aqueous Solution by Using Natural Adsorbents
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Phase | % | a (Å) | Crystalline Size (nm) | Microstrain % | Rwp | Rexp | GoF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe80Si10B10 | α-Fe | 88.8 | 2.862 (3) | 10.2 (1) | 0.52 (2) | 11.481 | 8.730 | 1.315 |
Fe3Si | 11.2 | 3.986 (4) | 13.3 (11) | 0.60 (1) |
Sample | Phase | % | a (Å) | Crystalline Size (Å) | Microstrain % | Rwp | Rexp | GoF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe80Si10B10 | α-Fe | 77.7 | 2.864 (2) | 106 (1) | 0.053 (2) | 11.783 | 9.897 | 1.191 |
Fe3Si | 9.9 | 3.987 (3) | 76 (6) | 0.058 (4) | ||||
FeO (OH) | 12.4 | 3.055 (7) 4.601 (2) 9.927 (3) | 179 (1) | 0.032 (3) |
+MS | |
---|---|
Molecular Weight | Molecular Compound |
HPLC-MS of Reactive Black 5 solution after degradation by FeSiB powder | |
184 | 4-(vinylsulfonyl) phenol |
201 | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl) benzenoamina |
202 | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl) phenol |
200 | 4-(2-aminoethyl)sulfonyl) benzenoamina |
226 | 5-((4-hydroxyfenyl)sulfonyl)-2 penteno |
HPLC-Ms of Reactive Black 5 solution degraded by FeSiB powder after the adsorption process by OG powder | |
202 | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl) phenol. |
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Ben Mbarek, W.; Daza, J.; Escoda, L.; Fiol, N.; Pineda, E.; Khitouni, M.; Suñol, J.-J. Removal of Reactive Black 5 Azo Dye from Aqueous Solutions by a Combination of Reduction and Natural Adsorbents Processes. Metals 2023, 13, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030474
Ben Mbarek W, Daza J, Escoda L, Fiol N, Pineda E, Khitouni M, Suñol J-J. Removal of Reactive Black 5 Azo Dye from Aqueous Solutions by a Combination of Reduction and Natural Adsorbents Processes. Metals. 2023; 13(3):474. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030474
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Mbarek, Wael, Jason Daza, Lluisa Escoda, Núria Fiol, Eloi Pineda, Mohamed Khitouni, and Joan-Josep Suñol. 2023. "Removal of Reactive Black 5 Azo Dye from Aqueous Solutions by a Combination of Reduction and Natural Adsorbents Processes" Metals 13, no. 3: 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030474