Resilient Rice Farming: Household Strategies for Coping with Recurrent Floods in Tempe Lake, Indonesia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. Study Design and Sampling
2.3. Data Collection
- (1)
- Household Survey: The study administered a structured questionnaire to all 160 households, capturing detailed socio-economic information, including household demographics, income sources, agricultural practices, and food security status;
- (2)
- Semi-Structured Interviews: In-depth interviews were conducted with ten key respondents (e.g., household heads and community leaders) to gain qualitative insights into adaptive strategies and coping mechanisms during floods. These interviews explored themes such as income diversification, social collaboration, and the use of flood-resistant crops;
- (3)
- Direct Observations: The study observed farming areas and households to document adaptive practices, such as planting schedules and flood mitigation techniques, and recorded field notes to contextualize survey and interview data.
2.4. Analytical Framework
3. Results
3.1. Household Socio-Economic Characteristics
3.2. Farmer Status
3.3. Livelihood Sources
3.4. Food Sources and Consumption
4. Discussion
4.1. Farmer Households’ Adaptive Strategies for Flood Resilience
4.2. Food Fulfilment Strategy for Adapting to Flooding
4.3. Diversified Income Sources for Flood Adaptation Strategies
4.4. Strengthening Livelihoods and Enhancing Community Resilience
5. Conclusions and Policy Implications
Limitations of the Study
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Range (N = 160) | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | <40 | 40–60 | >60 | |
29.66 | 60.00 | 10.34 | 100.00 | |
Employment | Farmer | Farmer+fihserment | Farmer+others | |
2.07 | 84.83 | 13.10 | 100.00 | |
Household head education | Illiterate | Elementary | High school | |
20.69 | 54.48 | 24.82 | 100.00 | |
Household size (people) | <4 | 4–6 | >6 | |
58.62 | 37.24 | 4.4 | 100 | |
History settlement in the lake region | Place of birth | Marriage with a local resident | Migration to the lake region | |
57.24 | 29.66 | 13.10 | 100.00 |
Income Sources | Frequency (n = 160) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variation (%) | Lowest | Highest | Respondent (%) | |
Dominant Farm | 74.92 | 1,540,000 | 81,036,000 | 61.38 |
Farm | 78.08 | 810,000 | 55,472,000 | |
Fishing | 140.36 | 120,000 | 5,560,000 | |
Dominant Fishing | 68.86 | 1,979,000 | 45,707,520 | 24.83 |
Farm | 97.37 | 240,000 | 21,876,000 | |
Fishing | 73.49 | 1,200,000 | 33,900,000 | |
Farm-Fishery-Others | 92.16 | 1,212,600 | 85,060,000 | 13.79 |
Farm | 69.38 | 732,600 | 75,460,000 | |
Fishing | 86.28 | 300,000 | 23,580,000 | |
Total Income | 27.96 | 4,015,200 | 85,060,200 | 100.00 |
Farm | 6.00 | 720,400 | 75,460,000 | |
Fishing | 112.42 | 240,000 | 33,900,000 |
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Darma, R.; Rahmadanih, R.; Zain, M.M.; Amandaria, R.; Mario, M.; Akzar, R. Resilient Rice Farming: Household Strategies for Coping with Recurrent Floods in Tempe Lake, Indonesia. Societies 2025, 15, 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15050129
Darma R, Rahmadanih R, Zain MM, Amandaria R, Mario M, Akzar R. Resilient Rice Farming: Household Strategies for Coping with Recurrent Floods in Tempe Lake, Indonesia. Societies. 2025; 15(5):129. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15050129
Chicago/Turabian StyleDarma, Rahim, Rahmadanih Rahmadanih, Majdah M. Zain, Riri Amandaria, Mario Mario, and Rida Akzar. 2025. "Resilient Rice Farming: Household Strategies for Coping with Recurrent Floods in Tempe Lake, Indonesia" Societies 15, no. 5: 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15050129
APA StyleDarma, R., Rahmadanih, R., Zain, M. M., Amandaria, R., Mario, M., & Akzar, R. (2025). Resilient Rice Farming: Household Strategies for Coping with Recurrent Floods in Tempe Lake, Indonesia. Societies, 15(5), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15050129