Immigrant Victimization: Centering Language in Theory, Data and Method
Abstract
:1. Immigrant Victimization: Essential Context
2. Immigrant Victimization: Theoretical Considerations
A Field in Progress: The Development of Victimization Theories
3. Victimization Theories and Immigrant Victimization
Integrating Culture into Victimization Theories: The Case of Immigrants
4. Immigrant Victimization: Data and Methodological Considerations
4.1. Underreporting of Criminal Victimization
4.2. Underrepresentation of Immigrants in National Crime Victimization Surveys
4.3. Linguistic Challenges
5. Integrating Theory, Data, and Method: Centering Language in Research on Immigrant Crime Victims
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Immigration and birthplace information for students are reported on the parents’ survey. First-generation students are children born outside the U.S.; second-generation students are born in the U.S. and have at least one parent born outside the U.S.; and third-generation (or more) students are born in the U.S. as are both of their parents. |
2 | While definitions vary, an ethnic enclave is defined as an area “characterized by a concentration of businesses owned and operated by immigrants from the same country of origin, or their direct descendants” [111] (p. 4). |
3 | The NCVS does not ask about the documentation status of non-U.S. citizens. While Xie and Baumer [10] improvise by treating respondents who refuse to answer or answer “don’t know” to the citizenship question as a proxy for undocumented immigrants, such data limitations mean that victimization risks for undocumented immigrants remain largely unknown. |
4 | We recognize that not all immigrants are limited English proficient just as there are limited-English-proficient people in the U.S. who are not foreign-born. However, there is an undeniable correlation between limited English proficiency and foreign-born status. |
5 | While some communities in the U.S. have a long history of welcoming new immigrants and are often referred to as “traditional destination contexts,” others such as “new destination contexts” have not experienced much immigration until recent decades. Shihadeh and Barranco [42] consider new destination areas to be counties in states that exhibited a 50 percent or more increase in the Latino population from 1990 to 2000 such as counties in Georgia, Mississippi, and Virginia. |
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Ballard, M.M.; Kubrin, C.E. Immigrant Victimization: Centering Language in Theory, Data and Method. Societies 2023, 13, 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13040101
Ballard MM, Kubrin CE. Immigrant Victimization: Centering Language in Theory, Data and Method. Societies. 2023; 13(4):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13040101
Chicago/Turabian StyleBallard, Meghan Maree, and Charis E. Kubrin. 2023. "Immigrant Victimization: Centering Language in Theory, Data and Method" Societies 13, no. 4: 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13040101