Changes in Muscle Power and Muscle Morphology with Different Volumes of Fast Eccentric Half-Squats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Approach to the Problem
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Training
2.3.2. Jumping Performance
2.3.3. RM Half-Squat Strength Evaluation
2.3.4. Evaluation of Muscle Architecture
2.3.5. Muscle Biopsies and Histochemistry
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Age (Years) | Mass (kg) | Height (cm) | Body Mass Index (kg·m−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 × 8 (n = 9) | 20.8 ± 2.7 | 56.7 ± 6.7 | 163.3 ± 6.6 | 21.3 ± 2.1 |
6 × 8 (n = 8) | 21.6 ± 2.3 | 59.1 ± 10.7 | 165.1 ± 6.0 | 21.6 ± 3.1 |
8 × 8 (n = 8) | 21.4 ± 2.4 | 58.4 ± 5.9 | 167.1 ± 7.3 | 22.5 ± 2.5 |
6 × 8 Group (N = 8) | 8 × 8 Group (N = 18) | Partial η2 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Hedges’ g | % | Pre | Post | Hedges’ g | % | Time | Group | Time X Group | ||||||
Vastus Lateralis’ Architecture Morphology | ||||||||||||||||
Fascicle Length (cm) | 7.69 ± 0.79 | 8.04 ± 1.13 | 0.375 | 4.22 ± 2.09 | 7.57 ± 0.78 | 8.02 ± 0.67 * | 0.644 | 6.06 ± 2.80 | 7.52 ± 0.65 | 8.26 ± 0.69 * | 1.162 | 10.15 ± 8.46 | 0.567 | 0.003 | 0.123 | |
Thickness (cm) | 2.09 ± 0.47 | 2.19 ± 0.49 | 0.233 | 5.46 ± 3.68 | 2.28 ± 0.45 | 2.37 ± 0.36 | 0.214 | 4.46 ± 5.92 | 2.25 ± 0.42 | 2.31 ± 0.41 | 0.145 | 7.96 ± 4.84 | 0.190 | 0.037 | 0.014 | |
Pennation Angle (o) | 18.04 ± 6.06 | 18.12 ± 5.68 | 0.014 | 1.05 ± 0.89 | 19.33 ± 5.00 | 17.62 ± 4.28 * | −0.389 | −6.90 ± 4.47 | 18.01 ± 3.82 | 16.33 ± 3.12 * | −0.512 | − 8.49 ± 5.23 | 0.226 | 0.016 | 0.143 | |
Quadriceps Cross Sectional Area | ||||||||||||||||
Cross Sectional Area (cm2) | 48.71 ± 6.73 | 52.05 ± 4.66 * | 0.637 | 7.71 ± 4.69 | 51.32 ± 7.66 | 55.56 ± 6.36 * | 0.641 | 8.95 ± 6.80 | 56.14 ± 11.08 | 60.44 ± 10.41 * | 0.425 | 9.22 ± 6.45 | 0.606 | 0.164 | 0.019 |
4 × 8 Group (N = 9) | 6 × 8 Group (N = 8) | 8 × 8 Group (N = 8) | Partial η2 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Hedges’ g | Percentage Change | Pre | Post | Hedges’ g | Percentage Change | Pre | Post | Hedges’ g | Percentage Change | Time | Group | Time X Group | |
Type I (%) | 46.96 ± 6.49 | 48.03 ± 5.86 | 0.110 | 3.17 ± 3.2 | 49.43 ± 4.43 | 51.92 ± 4.45 | 0.165 | 5.45 ± 4.7 | 49.52 ± 9.73 | 49.66 ± 7.39 | 0.017 | 2.12±3.80 | 0.041 | 0.054 | 0.024 |
Type IIa (%) | 42.81 ± 7.50 | 43.33 ± 5.90 | 0.086 | 2.02 ± 4.79 | 40.60 ± 3.60 | 42.51 ± 5.12 | 0.133 | 4.70 ± 3.22 | 40.49 ± 8.3 | 44.81 ± 9.96 | 0.198 | 11.57 ± 9.41 | 0.174 | 0.009 | 0.162 |
Type IIX (%) | 10.23 ± 3.52 | 9.26 ± 3.52 | −0.033 | −9.56 ± 7.88 | 9.02 ± 1.95 | 7.74 ± 1.72 | −0.191 | −14.67 ± 11.42 | 10.23 ± 2.87 | 8.62 ± 2.71 | −0.215 | −15.89 ± 11.68 | 0.041 | 0.046 | 0.024 |
Type I CSA (μm2) | 3198 ± 604 | 3683 ± 1059 | 0.622 | 15.89 ± 14.68 | 3270 ± 416 | 4145 ± 452 * | 1.899 | 30.41 ± 25.71 | 3266 ± 792 | 4308 ± 525 * | 2.026 | 35.28 ± 18.90 | 0.545 | 0.073 | 0.098 |
Type IIa CSA (μm2) | 3624 ± 650 | 4148 ± 729 * | 0.840 | 22.09 ± 10.25 # | 3505 ± 450 | 4482 ± 537 * | 1.650 | 38.77 ± 9.07 | 3650 ± 709 | 4791 ± 683 * | 1.985 | 42.74 ± 10.09 # | 0.749 | 0.063 | 0.221 |
Type IIX CSA (μm2) | 2692 ± 513 | 3333 ± 581 *# | 1.296 | 24.74 ± 14.75 # | 2684 ± 381 | 3813 ± 361 * | 2.870 | 36.15 ± 20.64 | 2605 ± 520 | 4024 ± 474 *# | 3.059 | 45.64 ± 18.65 # | 0.808 | 0.114 | 0.290 |
Mean CSA (μm2) | 3309 ± 548 | 3979 ± 723 * | 1.156 | 20.77 ± 15.79 # | 3279 ± 387 | 4349 ± 418 * | 2.190 | 35.36 ± 29.87 | 3367 ± 629 | 4840 ± 537 * | 2.674 | 40.20 ± 18.62 # | 0.773 | 0.099 | 0.185 |
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Zacharia, E.; Spiliopoulou, P.; Methenitis, S.; Stasinaki, A.-N.; Zaras, N.; Papadopoulos, C.; Papadimas, G.; Karampatsos, G.; Bogdanis, G.C.; Terzis, G. Changes in Muscle Power and Muscle Morphology with Different Volumes of Fast Eccentric Half-Squats. Sports 2019, 7, 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7070164
Zacharia E, Spiliopoulou P, Methenitis S, Stasinaki A-N, Zaras N, Papadopoulos C, Papadimas G, Karampatsos G, Bogdanis GC, Terzis G. Changes in Muscle Power and Muscle Morphology with Different Volumes of Fast Eccentric Half-Squats. Sports. 2019; 7(7):164. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7070164
Chicago/Turabian StyleZacharia, Evangelia, Polyxeni Spiliopoulou, Spyridon Methenitis, Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki, Nikolaos Zaras, Constantinos Papadopoulos, Giorgos Papadimas, Giorgos Karampatsos, Gregory C. Bogdanis, and Gerasimos Terzis. 2019. "Changes in Muscle Power and Muscle Morphology with Different Volumes of Fast Eccentric Half-Squats" Sports 7, no. 7: 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7070164