Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances

Hoogervorst, Daan; van der Burg, Nancy; Versteegen, Joline J.; Lambrechtse, Karin J.; Redegeld, Martijn I.; Cornelissen, Larissa A. J.; Wardenaar, Floris C.

doi:10.3390/sports7060140

Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue

Article Menu

...

Open AccessArticle

Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances

¹,

^1,2,

^1,3,

¹,

^1,4,

Larissa A. J. Cornelissen

¹ and

Floris C. Wardenaar

^5,*

Sports and Exercise Nutrition, Institute for Sports and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands

Nutrition & Performance, Team Jumbo-Visma, ‘s-Herthogenbosch 5222, The Netherlands

Global Nutrition Development, Friesland Campina, Amersfoort 3818, The Netherlands

⁴

Bakala Academy Athletic Performance Center, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium

⁵

College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sports 2019, 7(6), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060140

Received: 9 May 2019 / Revised: 28 May 2019 / Accepted: 4 June 2019 / Published: 7 June 2019

View Full-Text Download PDF

Browse Figures

Citation Export

Abstract

This study investigated the differences in gastrointestinal (GI) and exercise related complaints between groups of runners competing at different distances using web-based questionnaires. Total (severe) complaints were reported by 89.3% (49.7%) of the runners during the race vs. 70.6% (29.4%) after the race. Significant differences between groups were described for marathon (n = 98) and 60 km (n = 43) runners. During competition, runners reported the urge to urinate (47.7%), muscle cramps (43.6%) and belching (43.6%). The prevalence of bloating, flatulence, side ache and dizziness differed between distances (p < 0.02). There were small to moderate negative correlations between food and fluid intake and GI complaints. After competition (12 h), 70.6% of participants reported complaints, with muscle cramps (47.6%), flatulence (19.0%) and bloating (12.7%) being the most prevalent. Prevalence of belching, nausea, stomach cramps and muscle cramps differed between race distances (p < 0.04). There were small to high positive correlations between complaints during and after competition (p < 0.05). In conclusion, runners of all distances reported a high prevalence of GI and other exercise related complaints. There were some small differences in reporting type and severity of complaints between distances. Results showed small to strong correlations between complaints during and after competition and with nutrient intake, without a clear similar pattern for all distances. View Full-Text

Keywords: running; sports nutrition; GI complaints; marathon; Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire (FFEQ); ultrarunning; endurance exercise

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hoogervorst, D.; van der Burg, N.; Versteegen, J.J.; Lambrechtse, K.J.; Redegeld, M.I.; Cornelissen, L.A.J.; Wardenaar, F.C. Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances. Sports 2019, 7, 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060140

AMA Style

Hoogervorst D, van der Burg N, Versteegen JJ, Lambrechtse KJ, Redegeld MI, Cornelissen LAJ, Wardenaar FC. Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances. Sports. 2019; 7(6):140. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060140

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hoogervorst, Daan, Nancy van der Burg, Joline J. Versteegen, Karin J. Lambrechtse, Martijn I. Redegeld, Larissa A.J. Cornelissen, and Floris C. Wardenaar. 2019. "Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances" Sports 7, no. 6: 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060140

Find Other Styles

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Menu

Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI