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Volume 13
Issue 8
10.3390/sports13080246
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Article

Relationship Between GPS-Derived Variables and Subjective Questionnaires Among Elite Youth Soccer Players

by
Krisztián Havanecz
1,*,
Péter János Tóth
2,
Bence Kopper
3,
Csaba Bartha
1,
Sándor Sáfár
1,
Marcell Fridvalszki
3 and
Gábor Géczi
4
1
Training Theory and Methodology Research Center, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
2
Department of Sport Games, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
3
Faculty of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
4
Department of Sport Management, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sports 2025, 13(8), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080246
Submission received: 21 June 2025 / Revised: 20 July 2025 / Accepted: 23 July 2025 / Published: 25 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Football Science: Integrating Technology, Performance, and Well-Being)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the external load (EL) and internal load among U15, U17, and U19 youth soccer players and to identify the factors best influencing the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and session-RPE (s-RPE) from Global Positioning System-derived variables. Data were collected from 50 male youth soccer players over an 11-week in-season period, encompassing a total of 1386 observations (145 training sessions and 33 matches). The findings indicate that during training sessions, the relationship between EL-derived volume variables and s-RPE exhibited moderate-to-very-strong correlations (U15—r ranging from 0.23 to 0.52; U17—r ranging from 0.51 to 0.78; U19—r ranging from 0.34 to 0.61, p < 0.001). The strongest relationships were observed with the total distance, acceleration, deceleration, and player load variables (p < 0.001). However, perceived wellness measures showed weak correlations with almost every EL parameter. Considering matches for all age groups, total distance showed moderate-to-large correlation with s-RPE (ranging from 0.41 to 0.59, p < 0.001). Additionally, RPE and s-RPE were significantly influenced by the variables of total distance, acceleration, deceleration, medium-speed running per minute, sprint distance per minute, and deceleration per minute.
Keywords: GPS; perceived wellness; RPE; training load; youth soccer GPS; perceived wellness; RPE; training load; youth soccer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Havanecz, K.; Tóth, P.J.; Kopper, B.; Bartha, C.; Sáfár, S.; Fridvalszki, M.; Géczi, G. Relationship Between GPS-Derived Variables and Subjective Questionnaires Among Elite Youth Soccer Players. Sports 2025, 13, 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080246

AMA Style

Havanecz K, Tóth PJ, Kopper B, Bartha C, Sáfár S, Fridvalszki M, Géczi G. Relationship Between GPS-Derived Variables and Subjective Questionnaires Among Elite Youth Soccer Players. Sports. 2025; 13(8):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080246

Chicago/Turabian Style

Havanecz, Krisztián, Péter János Tóth, Bence Kopper, Csaba Bartha, Sándor Sáfár, Marcell Fridvalszki, and Gábor Géczi. 2025. "Relationship Between GPS-Derived Variables and Subjective Questionnaires Among Elite Youth Soccer Players" Sports 13, no. 8: 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080246

APA Style

Havanecz, K., Tóth, P. J., Kopper, B., Bartha, C., Sáfár, S., Fridvalszki, M., & Géczi, G. (2025). Relationship Between GPS-Derived Variables and Subjective Questionnaires Among Elite Youth Soccer Players. Sports, 13(8), 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080246

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