Birth Advantages in Male Italian Soccer: How They Influence Players Youth Career and Their Future Career Status
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Procedures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Practical Implications and Future Directions
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Career Status | BQ1 (Expected) | BQ2 (Expected) | BQ3 (Expected) | BQ4 (Expected) | χ2 | p | V | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | 10 (14.8) | 13 (9.9) | 7 (6.4) | 4 (2.9) | ||||
% | 28.4 (43.5) | 38.2 (29.1) | 20.6 (18.8) | 11.8 (8.5) | ||||
Level 2 | 69 (67.5) | 50 (45.2) | 25 (29.2) | 11 (13.1) | ||||
% | 44.5 (43.5) | 32.3 (29.2) | 16.1 (18.8) | 7.1 (8.5) | ||||
Amateur | 225 (230.7) | 145 (154.5) | 112 (99.9) | 48 (44.9) | ||||
% | 42.5 (43.5) | 27.4 (29.2) | 21.1 (18.8) | 9.1 (8.5) | ||||
Former | 153 (144.1) | 98 (96.5) | 54 (62.4) | 26 (28.1) | ||||
% | 46.2 (43.5) | 29.6 (29.1) | 16.3 (18.8) | 7.9 (8.5) | ||||
8.767 | 0.459 | 0.91 | Very Strong |
Career Status | North (Expected) | Centre (Expected) | South (Expected) | χ2 | p | V | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | 25 (15) | 5 (7.4) | 4 (11.7) | ||||
% | 73.5 (44) | 14.7 (21.7) | 11.7 (34.3) | ||||
Level 2 | 82 (68.3) | 32 (33.5) | 41 (53.1) | ||||
% | 52.9 (44.1) | 20.6 (21.6) | 26.5 (34.3) | ||||
Amateur | 252 (233.7) | 104 (114.6) | 174 (181.7) | ||||
% | 47.5 (44.1) | 19.6 (21.6) | 32.9 (34.3) | ||||
Former | 104 (146) | 86 (71.6) | 141 (113.5) | ||||
% | 31.4 (44.1) | 26 (21.6) | 42.6 (34.3) | ||||
42.413 | <0.0001 | 0.142 | Moderate |
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Morganti, G.; Brustio, P.R.; Ruscello, B.; Apollaro, G.; Padua, E.; Kelly, A.L. Birth Advantages in Male Italian Soccer: How They Influence Players Youth Career and Their Future Career Status. Sports 2024, 12, 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12040103
Morganti G, Brustio PR, Ruscello B, Apollaro G, Padua E, Kelly AL. Birth Advantages in Male Italian Soccer: How They Influence Players Youth Career and Their Future Career Status. Sports. 2024; 12(4):103. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12040103
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorganti, Gabriele, Paolo Riccardo Brustio, Bruno Ruscello, Gennaro Apollaro, Elvira Padua, and Adam L. Kelly. 2024. "Birth Advantages in Male Italian Soccer: How They Influence Players Youth Career and Their Future Career Status" Sports 12, no. 4: 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12040103