Occurrence of Injuries in Different Phases of Judo Matches: Analysis Based on International Competitions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
- Minor—Injuries requiring first aid with no match withdrawal.
- Moderate—Injuries necessitating medical intervention, potentially resulting in match withdrawal.
- Severe—Injuries requiring advanced care and leading to tournament withdrawal.
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Practical Implication
- Specific Recommendations
- For Coaches and Trainers:
- ○
- Incorporate anaerobic endurance training to mitigate fatigue-related injuries, particularly for female athletes during the final phases of combat.
- ○
- Develop combat-phase-specific techniques and tactics to reduce injury risks during high-intensity periods, such as the last minute and golden score.
- ○
- Focus on improving defensive skills (e.g., falls and grip techniques) to minimize the likelihood of injuries sustained while under attack.
- For Medical and Tournament Staff:
- ○
- Enhance on-site medical preparedness, particularly during the second half and last-minute phases, where injury rates peak.
- ○
- Utilize real-time monitoring systems to identify early signs of fatigue-related risk factors during matches.
- For Policy Makers:
- ○
- Consider revising competition rules to address high-risk scenarios, such as extended golden score periods, which may exacerbate fatigue and injury rates.
- Future Research Directions
- Broader Population Analysis:
- ○
- Expand studies to include different age groups, weight categories, and training levels to provide a more comprehensive understanding of injury patterns.
- Mechanisms of Injury:
- ○
- Investigate the biomechanical and physiological factors contributing to combat-phase-specific injuries to refine prevention strategies.
- Impact of Regulatory Changes:
- ○
- Examine how changes in judo competition rules (e.g., weight categories and combat duration) influence injury rates and patterns.
- Longitudinal Studies:
- ○
- Conduct long-term studies to evaluate the effectiveness of phase-specific injury prevention strategies in reducing injury incidence and severity.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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01 First Half 1 | 02 Last Half 2 | 03 Last Minute 3 | 04 Golden Score 4 | D (1–2) | D (1–3) | D (1–4) | D (2–3) | D (2–4) | D (3–4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F&M | 67 (26.4) | 93 (36.6) | 84 (33.1) | 10 (3.9) | −26 (−10.2) p = 0.1723 | −17 (−6.7) p = 0.3732 | 57 (22.4) p = 0.1183 | 9 (3.5) p = 0.6218 | 83 (32.7) p = 0.0374 | 74 (29.1) p = 0.0573 |
F | 27 (23.1) | 38 (32.5) | 47 (40.2) | 5 (4.3) | −11 (−9.4) p = 0.4084 | −20 (−17.1) p = 0.135 | 22 (18.8) p = 0.3354 | −9 (−7.7) p = 0.4647 | 33 (28.2) p = 0.1922 | 42 (35.9) p = 0.1134 |
M | 40 (29.2) | 55 (40.2) | 37 (27) | 5 (3.7) | −15 (−11) p = 0.2620 | 3 (2.2) p = 0.8460 | 35 (25.6) p = 0.2241 | 18 (13.1) p = 0.1947 | 50 (36.5) p = 0.1058 | 32 (23.4) p = 0.2525 |
01 First Half 1 | Sum_LastHalf + LastMinute 2 | 04 Golden Score 3 | D (1–2) | D (1–3) | D (2–3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F&M | 67 (26.4) | 177 (69.7) | 10 (3.9) | −110 (−43.3) p < 0.001 | 57 (22.4) p = 0.3927 | 167 (65.8) p < 0.001 |
F | 27 (23.1) | 85 (72.7) | 5 (4.3) | −58 (−49.6) p < 0.001 | 22 (18.8) p = 0.3354 | 80 (68.4) p = 0.0013 |
M | 40 (29.2) | 92 (67.2) | 5 (3.7) | −52 (−38) p < 0.001 | 35 (25.6) p = 0.2215 | 87 (63.5) p = 0.004 |
Injury | 01 First Half 1 | 02 Last Half 2 | 03 Last Minute 3 | 04 Golden Score 4 | D (1–2) | D (1–3) | D (1–4) | D (2–3) | D (2–4) | D (3–4) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skull | 2 (3) | 6 (6.5) | 6 (7.1) | 1 (10) | −4 (−3.5) | −4 (−4.2) | 1 (−7) | 0 (−0.7) | 5 (−3.6) | 5 (−2.9) |
Face | 1 (1.5) | 4 (4.3) | 5 (6) | 1 (10) | −3 (−2.8) | −4 (−4.5) | 0 (−8.5) | −1 (−1.7) | 3 (−5.7) | 4 (−4.1) |
05 Eye | 0 (0) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −3 (−3.2) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (1.2) |
06 Ear | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
07 Nose | 4 (6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | 3 (4.8) | 4 (6) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) |
08 Mouth | 3 (4.5) | 2 (2.2) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (4.5) | 0 (−0.2) | 2 (2.2) | 2 (2.4) |
09 Neck | 10 (14.9) | 5 (5.4) | 7 (8.3) | 1 (10) | 5 (9.6) | 3 (6.6) | 9 (4.9) | −2 (−3) | 4 (−4.6) | 6 (−1.7) |
10 Throat | 4 (6) | 3 (3.2) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (3.6) | 4 (6) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (3.2) | 2 (2.4) |
11 Clavicle/AC | 5 (7.5) | 6 (6.5) | 5 (6) | 0 (0) | −1 (1) | 0 (1.5) | 5 (7.5) | 1 (0.5) | 6 (6.5) | 5 (6) |
12 Shoulder/Arm | 5 (7.5) | 9 (9.7) | 6 (7.1) | 0 (0) | −4 (−2.2) | −1 (0.3) | 5 (7.5) | 3 (2.5) | 9 (9.7) | 6 (7.1) |
13 Elbow joint | 8 (11.9) | 14 (15.1) | 14 (16.7) | 0 (0) | −6 (−3.1) | −6 (−4.7) | 8 (11.9) | 0 (−1.6) | 14 (15.1) | 14 (16.7) |
14 Forearm | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.1) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (−0.1) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) |
15 Wrist | 2 (3) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.8) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) | 2 (2.2) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) |
16 Hand/Finger | 3 (4.5) | 7 (7.5) | 3 (3.6) | 0 (0) | −4 (−3.1) | 0 (0.9) | 3 (4.5) | 4 (4) | 7 (7.5) | 3 (3.6) |
17 Thorax | 3 (4.5) | 5 (5.4) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (10) | −2 (−0.9) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (−5.5) | 4 (4.2) | 4 (−4.6) | 0 (−8.8) |
18 Back | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | −1 (−0.9) | 1 (1.5) | −2 (−2.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) |
19 Abdomen | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
20 Pelvis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−10) | 0 (0) | −1 (−10) | −1 (−10) |
23 Femur | 2 (3) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.8) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) |
24 Knee | 9 (13.4) | 14 (15.1) | 18 (21.4) | 4 (40) | −5 (−1.6) | −9 (−8) | 5 (−26.6) | −4 (−6.4) | 10 (−25) | 14 (−18.6) |
25 Leg | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −2 (−2.2) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) |
26 Ankle | 1 (1.5) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (4.8) | 1 (10) | −3 (−2.8) | −3 (−3.3) | 0 (−8.5) | 0 (−0.5) | 3 (−5.7) | 3 (−5.2) |
27 Foot | 3 (4.5) | 4 (4.3) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −1 (0.2) | 2 (3.3) | 3 (4.5) | 3 (3.1) | 4 (4.3) | 1 (1.2) |
28 Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −2 (−2.4) | 0 (0) | −2 (−2.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) |
29 None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) |
Sum total | 67 (26.4) | 93 (36.6) | 84 (33.1) | 10 (3.9) | −26 (−10.2) | −17 (−6.7) | 57 (22.4) | 9 (3.5) | 83 (32.7) | 74 (29.1) |
p-value (1–2) | p-value (1–3) | p-value (1–4) | p-value (2–3) | p-value (2–4) | p-value (3–4) | |||||
p = 0.1723 | p = 0.3732 | p = 0.1183 | p = 0.6218 | p = 0.0374 | p = 0.0573 |
Injury | 01 First Half | 02 Last Half | 03 Last Minute | 04 Golden Score | D (1–2) | D (1–3) | D (1–4) | D (2–3) | D (2–4) | D (3–4) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
03 Skull | 0 (0) | 2 (5.3) | 3 (6.4) | 0 (0) | −2 (−5.3) | −3 (−6.4) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.1) | 2 (5.3) | 3 (6.4) |
04 Face | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
05 Eye | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.1) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) |
06 Ear | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
07 Nose | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.1) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) |
08 Mouth | 3 (11.1) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (8.5) | 2 (9) | 3 (11.1) | 0 (0.5) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.1) |
09 Neck | 5 (18.5) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (8.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (15.9) | 1 (10) | 5 (18.5) | −3 (−5.9) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (8.5) |
10 Throath | 3 (11.1) | 3 (7.9) | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (3.2) | 1 (6.9) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (7.9) | 2 (4.3) |
11 Clavicle/AC | 1 (3.7) | 3 (7.9) | 3 (6.4) | 0 (0) | −2 (−4.2) | −2 (−2.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (1.5) | 3 (7.9) | 3 (6.4) |
12 Shoulder/Arm | 2 (7.4) | 3 (7.9) | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0) | −1 (−0.5) | 0 (3.2) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (7.9) | 2 (4.3) |
13 Elbow joint | 5 (18.5) | 8 (21.1) | 9 (19.2) | 0 (0) | −3 (−2.5) | −4 (−0.6) | 5 (18.5) | −1 (1.9) | 8 (21.1) | 9 (19.2) |
14 Forearm | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.1) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) |
15 Wrist | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) |
16 Hand/Finger | 2 (7.4) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | −1 (−0.5) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (5.8) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (2.1) |
17 Thorax | 1 (3.7) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | −2 (−4.2) | 0 (1.6) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (5.8) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (2.1) |
18 Back | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −2 (−4.3) | 0 (0) | −2 (−4.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.3) |
19 Abdomen | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
20 Pelvis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−20) | 0 (0) | −1 (−20) | −1 (−20) |
23 Femur | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) |
24 Knee | 3 (11.1) | 6 (15.8) | 12 (25.5) | 3 (60) | −3 (−4.7) | −9 (−14.4) | 0 (−48.9) | −6 (−9.7) | 3 (−44.2) | 9 (−34.5) |
25 Leg | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
26 Ankle | 1 (3.7) | 2 (5.3) | 3 (6.4) | 1 (20) | −1 (−1.6) | −2 (−2.7) | 0 (−16.3) | −1 (−1.1) | 1 (−14.7) | 2 (−13.6) |
27 Foot | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.6) | −1 (−2.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.5) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.1) |
Sum total | 27 (23.1) | 38 (32.5) | 47 (40.2) | 5 (4.3) | −11 (−9.4) | −20 (−17.1) | 22 (18.8) | −9 (−7.7) | 33 (28.2) | 42 (35.9) |
p-value (1–2) | p-value (1–3) | p-value (1–4) | p-value (2–3) | p-value (2–4) | p-value (3–4) | |||||
p = 0.4084 | p = 0.1350 | p = 0.3354 | p = 0.4647 | p = 0.1922 | p = 0.1134 |
Injury | 01 First Half | 02 Last Half | 03 Last Minute | 04 Golden Score | D (1–2) | D (1–3) | D (1–4) | D (2–3) | D (2–4) | D (3–4) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
03 Skull | 2 (5) | 4 (7.3) | 3 (8.1) | 1 (20) | −2 (−2.3) | −1 (−3.1) | 1 (−15) | 1 (−0.8) | 3 (−12.7) | 2 (−11.9) |
04 Face | 1 (2.5) | 4 (7.3) | 5 (13.5) | 1 (20) | −3 (−4.8) | −4 (−11) | 0 (−17.5) | −1 (−6.2) | 3 (−12.7) | 4 (−6.5) |
05 Eye | 0 (0) | 3 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −3 (−5.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (5.5) | 3 (5.5) | 0 (0) |
06 Ear | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
07 Nose | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (10) | 4 (10) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
08 Mouth | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.8) | −1 (−2.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (−0.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) |
09 Neck | 5 (12.5) | 4 (7.3) | 3 (8.1) | 1 (20) | 1 (5.2) | 2 (4.4) | 4 (−7.5) | 1 (−0.8) | 3 (−12.7) | 2 (−11.9) |
10 Throath | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
11 Clavicle/AC | 4 (10) | 3 (5.5) | 2 (5.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.6) | 2 (4.6) | 4 (10) | 1 (0) | 3 (5.5) | 2 (5.4) |
12 Shoulder/Arm | 3 (7.5) | 6 (10.9) | 4 (10.8) | 0 (0) | −3 (−3.4) | −1 (−3.3) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (0.1) | 6 (10.9) | 4 (10.8) |
13 Elbow joint | 3 (7.5) | 6 (10.9) | 5 (13.5) | 0 (0) | −3 (−3.4) | −2 (−6) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (−2.6) | 6 (10.9) | 5 (13.5) |
14 Forearm | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0) |
15 Wrist | 2 (5) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0) |
16 Hand/Finger | 1 (2.5) | 4 (7.3) | 2 (5.4) | 0 (0) | −3 (−4.8) | −1 (−2.9) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (7.3) | 2 (5.4) |
17 Thorax | 2 (5) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 0 (1.4) | 2 (5) | 1 (−15) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (−16.4) | −1 (−20) |
18 Back | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
19 Abdomen | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
20 Pelvis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
23 Femur | 2 (5) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (5) | 0 (−0.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) |
24 Knee | 6 (15) | 8 (14.6) | 6 (16.2) | 1 (20) | −2 (0.5) | 0 (−1.2) | 5 (−5) | 2 (−1.7) | 7 (−5.5) | 5 (−3.8) |
25 Leg | 0 (0) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | −2 (−3.6) | −1 (−2.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) |
26 Ankle | 0 (0) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | −2 (−3.6) | −1 (−2.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) |
27 Foot | 3 (7.5) | 3 (5.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (2.1) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (5.5) | 3 (5.5) | 0 (0) |
28 Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −2 (−5.4) | 0 (0) | −2 (−5.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.4) |
29 None | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.7) | 0 (0) | −1 (−2.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.7) |
Sum total | 40 (29.2) | 55 (40.2) | 37 (27) | 5 (3.7) | −15 (−11) | 3 (2.2) | 35 (25.6) | 18 (13.1) | 50 (36.5) | 32 (23.4) |
p-value (1–2) | p-value (1–3) | p-value (1–4) | p-value (2–3) | p-value (2–4) | p-value (3–4) | |||||
p = 0.2620 | p = 0.8460 | p = 0.2241 | p = 0.1947 | p = 0.1058 | p = 0.2525 |
Injury | 01 First Half 1 | Sum_LastHalf + LastMinute 2 | 04 Golden Score 3 | D (1–2) | D (1–3) | D (2–3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
03 Skull | 2 (3) | 12 (6.8) | 1 (10) | −10 (−3.8) | 1 (−7) | 11 (−3.2) |
04 Face | 1 (1.5) | 9 (5.1) | 1 (10) | −8 (−3.6) | 0 (−8.5) | 8 (−4.9) |
05 Eye | 0 (0) | 4 (2.3) | 0 (0) | −4 (−2.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.3) |
06 Ear | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) |
07 Nose | 4 (6) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5.4) | 4 (6) | 1 (0.6) |
08 Mouth | 3 (4.5) | 4 (2.3) | 0 (0) | −1 (2.2) | 3 (4.5) | 4 (2.3) |
09 Neck | 10 (14.9) | 12 (6.8) | 1 (10) | −2 (8.2) | 9 (4.9) | 11 (−3.2) |
10 Throath | 4 (6) | 5 (2.8) | 0 (0) | −1 (3.2) | 4 (6) | 5 (2.8) |
11 Clavicle/AC | 5 (7.5) | 11 (6.2) | 0 (0) | −6 (1.3) | 5 (7.5) | 11 (6.2) |
12 Shoulder/Arm | 5 (7.5) | 15 (8.5) | 0 (0) | −10 (−1) | 5 (7.5) | 15 (8.5) |
13 Elbow joint | 8 (11.9) | 28 (15.8) | 0 (0) | −20 (−3.9) | 8 (11.9) | 28 (15.8) |
14 Forearm | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | −2 (−1.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) |
15 Wrist | 2 (3) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (1.9) | 2 (3) | 2 (1.1) |
16 Hand/Finger | 3 (4.5) | 10 (5.7) | 0 (0) | −7 (−1.2) | 3 (4.5) | 10 (5.7) |
17 Thorax | 3 (4.5) | 6 (3.4) | 1 (10) | −3 (1.1) | 2 (−5.5) | 5 (−6.6) |
18 Back | 1 (1.5) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | −1 (0.4) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (1.1) |
19 Abdomen | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
20 Pelvis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | −1 (−10) | −1 (−10) |
23 Femur | 2 (3) | 3 (1.7) | 0 (0) | −1 (1.3) | 2 (3) | 3 (1.7) |
24 Knee | 9 (13.4) | 32 (18.1) | 4 (40) | −23 (−4.7) | 5 (−26.6) | 28 (−21.9) |
25 Leg | 0 (0) | 3 (1.7) | 0 (0) | −3 (−1.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.7) |
26 Ankle | 1 (1.5) | 8 (4.5) | 1 (10) | −7 (−3) | 0 (−8.5) | 7 (−5.5) |
27 Foot | 3 (4.5) | 5 (2.8) | 0 (0) | −2 (1.7) | 3 (4.5) | 5 (2.8) |
28 Other | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | −2 (−1.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) |
29 None | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | −1 (−0.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) |
Sum total | 67 (26.4) | 177 (69.7) | 10 (3.9) | −110 (−43.3) | 57 (22.4) | 167 (65.8) |
p-value (1–2) | p-value (1–3) | p-value (2–3) | ||||
p < 0.001 | p = 0.3927 | p < 0.001 |
Injury | 01 First Half | Sum_LastHalf+ Last Minute | 04 Golden Score | D (1–2) | D (1–3) | D (2–3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
03 Skull | 0 (0) | 5 (5.9) | 0 (0) | −5 (−5.9) | 0 (0) | 5 (5.9) |
04 Face | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
05 Eye | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) |
06 Ear | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) |
07 Nose | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) |
08 Mouth | 3 (11.1) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (8.8) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (2.4) |
09 Neck | 5 (18.5) | 5 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (12.6) | 5 (18.5) | 5 (5.9) |
10 Throath | 3 (11.1) | 5 (5.9) | 0 (0) | −2 (5.2) | 3 (11.1) | 5 (5.9) |
11 Clavicle/AC | 1 (3.7) | 6 (7.1) | 0 (0) | −5 (−3.4) | 1 (3.7) | 6 (7.1) |
12 Shoulder/Arm | 2 (7.4) | 5 (5.9) | 0 (0) | −3 (1.5) | 2 (7.4) | 5 (5.9) |
13 Elbow joint | 5 (18.5) | 17 (20) | 0 (0) | −12 (−1.5) | 5 (18.5) | 17 (20) |
14 Forearm | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) |
15 Wrist | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) |
16 Hand/Finger | 2 (7.4) | 4 (4.7) | 0 (0) | −2 (2.7) | 2 (7.4) | 4 (4.7) |
17 Thorax | 1 (3.7) | 4 (4.7) | 0 (0) | −3 (−1) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (4.7) |
18 Back | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | −2 (−2.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) |
19 Abdomen | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
20 Pelvis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | −1 (−20) | −1 (−20) |
23 Femur | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) |
24 Knee | 3 (11.1) | 18 (21.2) | 3 (60) | −15 (−10.1) | 0 (−48.9) | 15 (−38.8) |
25 Leg | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
26 Ankle | 1 (3.7) | 5 (5.9) | 1 (20) | −4 (−2.2) | 0 (−16.3) | 4 (−14.1) |
27 Foot | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | −2 (−2.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) |
Sum total | 27 (23.1) | 85 (72.7) | 5 (4.3) | −58 (−49.6) | 22 (18.8) | 80 (68.4) |
p-value (1–2) | p-value (1–3) | p-value (2–3) | ||||
p < 0.001 | p = 0.3354 | p = 0.0013 |
Injury | 01 First Half | Sum_LastHalf + LastMinute | 04 Golden Score | D (1–2) | D (1–3) | D (2–3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
03 Skull | 2 (5) | 7 (7.6) | 1 (20) | −5 (−2.6) | 1 (−15) | 6 (−12.4) |
04 Face | 1 (2.5) | 9 (9.8) | 1 (20) | −8 (−7.3) | 0 (−17.5) | 8 (−10.2) |
05 Eye | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0) | −3 (−3.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) |
06 Ear | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
07 Nose | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (10) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) |
08 Mouth | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | −2 (−2.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) |
09 Neck | 5 (12.5) | 7 (7.6) | 1 (20) | −2 (4.9) | 4 (−7.5) | 6 (−12.4) |
10 Throath | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) |
11 Clavicle/AC | 4 (10) | 5 (5.4) | 0 (0) | −1 (4.6) | 4 (10) | 5 (5.4) |
12 Shoulder/Arm | 3 (7.5) | 10 (10.9) | 0 (0) | −7 (−3.4) | 3 (7.5) | 10 (10.9) |
13 Elbow joint | 3 (7.5) | 11 (12) | 0 (0) | −8 (−4.5) | 3 (7.5) | 11 (12) |
14 Forearm | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
15 Wrist | 2 (5) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.9) | 2 (5) | 1 (1.1) |
16 Hand/Finger | 1 (2.5) | 6 (6.5) | 0 (0) | −5 (−4) | 1 (2.5) | 6 (6.5) |
17 Thorax | 2 (5) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (20) | 0 (2.8) | 1 (−15) | 1 (−17.8) |
18 Back | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) |
19 Abdomen | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
20 Pelvis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
23 Femur | 2 (5) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (2.8) | 2 (5) | 2 (2.2) |
24 Knee | 6 (15) | 14 (15.2) | 1 (20) | −8 (−0.2) | 5 (−5) | 13 (−4.8) |
25 Leg | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0) | −3 (−3.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) |
26 Ankle | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0) | −3 (−3.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) |
27 Foot | 3 (7.5) | 3 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (4.2) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (3.3) |
28 Other | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | −2 (−2.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) |
29 None | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | −1 (−1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) |
Sum total | 40 (29.2) | 92 (67.2) | 5 (3.7) | −52 (−38) | 35 (25.6) | 87 (63.5) |
p-value (1–2) | p-value (1–3) | p-value (2–3) | ||||
p < 0.001 | p = 0.2215 | p = 0.004 |
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Błach, W.; Gaweł, D.; Cynarski, W.J.; Rydzik, Ł.; Borysiuk, Z.; Kostrzewa, M. Occurrence of Injuries in Different Phases of Judo Matches: Analysis Based on International Competitions. Sports 2024, 12, 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12120354
Błach W, Gaweł D, Cynarski WJ, Rydzik Ł, Borysiuk Z, Kostrzewa M. Occurrence of Injuries in Different Phases of Judo Matches: Analysis Based on International Competitions. Sports. 2024; 12(12):354. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12120354
Chicago/Turabian StyleBłach, Wiesław, Dawid Gaweł, Wojciech J. Cynarski, Łukasz Rydzik, Zbigniew Borysiuk, and Maciej Kostrzewa. 2024. "Occurrence of Injuries in Different Phases of Judo Matches: Analysis Based on International Competitions" Sports 12, no. 12: 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12120354
APA StyleBłach, W., Gaweł, D., Cynarski, W. J., Rydzik, Ł., Borysiuk, Z., & Kostrzewa, M. (2024). Occurrence of Injuries in Different Phases of Judo Matches: Analysis Based on International Competitions. Sports, 12(12), 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12120354