Knee Isokinetic Profiles and Reference Values of Professional Female Soccer Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Sample Size Calculation
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participant Characteristics | Mean ± SD |
Age (years) | 21.9 ± 4.19 |
Body height (m) | 1.63 ± 0.05 |
Body mass (kg) | 59.75 ± 6.19 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.25 ± 1.6 |
Leg dominance | Number of players (%) |
Right | 60 (88.2) |
Left | 8 (11.8) |
Playing position | Number of players (%) |
Goalkeeper | 9 (13.2) |
Defender | 17 (25) |
Midfielder | 22 (32.4) |
Striker | 20 (29.4) |
Knee Motion | Speed 60°/s | Speed 180°/s | Speed 240°/s | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall $ | DL | NDL | p-Value | Cohen’s d | Overall | DL | NDL | p-Value | Cohen’s d | Overall | DL | NDL | p-Value | Cohen’s d | |
Peak torque (Nm) | |||||||||||||||
Flexion | 83.29 ± 14.5 (79.84–86.73) | 86.87 ± 14,96 (83.32–90.42) | 79.7 ± 13.18 (76.57–82.83) | 0.0036 | 0.5087 | 64.12 ± 12.44 (61.16–67.07) | 66.31 ± 12.41 (63.36–69.26) | 61.91 ± 12.15 (59.03–64.81) | 0.0386 | 0.3579 | 57.60 ± 11.03 (54.98–60.23) | 59.73 ± 10.71 (57.18–62.27) | 55.48 ± 11.02 (52.86–58.10) | 0.0241 | 0.3907 |
Extension | 154.02 ± 23.39 (148.46–159.58) | 158 ± 24.48 (152.18–163.81) | 150.05 ± 21.71 (144.89–155.21) | 0.0609 | 0.3975 | 111.65 ± 16.84 (107.65–115.66) | 113.39 ± 18.19 (109.06–117.71) | 109.92 ± 15.31 (106.28–113.56) | 0.2309 | 0.2063 | 93.17 ± 14.18 (89.79–96.54) | 94.88 ± 15.23 (91.26–98.50) | 91.45 ± 12.93 (88.38–94.53) | 0.1592 | 0.2435 |
H–Q ratio | |||||||||||||||
0.54 ± 0.07 (0.56–0.52) | 0.55 ± 0.07 (0.53–0.57) | 0.53 ± 0.07 (0.52–0.55) | 0.0981 | 0.2426 | 0.57 ± 0.09 (0.55–0.60) | 0.58 ± 0.08 (0.57–0.61) | 0.56 ± 0.09 (0.54–0.58) | 0.1731 | 0.2517 | 0.62 ± 0.09 (0.59–0.64) | 0.63 ± 0.08 (0.61–0.65) | 0.61 ± 0.10 (0.58–0.63) | 0.2001 | 0.2471 | |
Maximum work (J) | |||||||||||||||
Flexion | 107.63 ± 18.76 (103.17–112.09) | 110.85 ± 18.40 (106.47–115.22) | 104.41 ± 18.70 (99.97–108.86) | 0.0449 | 0.3498 | 79.18 ± 15.49 (75.50–82.87) | 82.12 ± 15.59 (78.41–85.82) | 76.25 ± 14.94 (72.69–79.80) | 0.0266 | 0.3844 | 62.58 ± 12.61 (59.58–65.57) | 64.57 ± 13.08 (61.46–67.68) | 60.58 ± 11.87 (57.76–63.41) | 0.0647 | 0.3185 |
Extension | 169.72 ± 28.24 (163.01–176.43) | 173.37 ± 28.56 (166.58–180.15) | 166.07 ± 27.65 (159.50–172.64) | 0.1323 | 0.2607 | 131.43 ± 20.90 (126.46–136.40) | 133.29 ± 22.16 (128.03–138.56) | 129.57 ± 19.56 (124.93–134.22) | 0.3012 | 0.1780 | 101.68 ± 16.33 (97.80–105.56) | 103.48 ± 17.15 (99.41–107.56) | 99.88 ± 15.39 (96.22–103.54) | 0.1999 | 0.2211 |
Knee Motion | Speed 60°/s | Speed 180°/s | Speed 240°/s | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DL | NDL | p-Value | DL | NDL | p-Value | DL | NDL | p-Value | |
Flexion | 1.47 (1.29–1.59) | 1.3 (1.22–1.44) | 0.0005 | 1.09 (0.97–1.2) | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | 0.0197 | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | 0.0074 |
Extension | 2.66 (2.46–2.84) | 2.53 (2.37–2.72) | 0.0183 | 1.88 (1.72–2.09) | 1.82 (1.69–1.99) | 0.1527 | 1.57 (1.43–1.76) | 1.55 (1.39–1.64) | 0.1901 |
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Brígido-Fernández, I.; García-Muro San José, F.; Charneco-Salguero, G.; Cárdenas-Rebollo, J.M.; Ortega-Latorre, Y.; Carrión-Otero, O.; Fernández-Rosa, L. Knee Isokinetic Profiles and Reference Values of Professional Female Soccer Players. Sports 2022, 10, 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10120204
Brígido-Fernández I, García-Muro San José F, Charneco-Salguero G, Cárdenas-Rebollo JM, Ortega-Latorre Y, Carrión-Otero O, Fernández-Rosa L. Knee Isokinetic Profiles and Reference Values of Professional Female Soccer Players. Sports. 2022; 10(12):204. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10120204
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrígido-Fernández, Isabel, Francisco García-Muro San José, Guillermo Charneco-Salguero, José Miguel Cárdenas-Rebollo, Yolanda Ortega-Latorre, Ofelia Carrión-Otero, and Luis Fernández-Rosa. 2022. "Knee Isokinetic Profiles and Reference Values of Professional Female Soccer Players" Sports 10, no. 12: 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10120204
APA StyleBrígido-Fernández, I., García-Muro San José, F., Charneco-Salguero, G., Cárdenas-Rebollo, J. M., Ortega-Latorre, Y., Carrión-Otero, O., & Fernández-Rosa, L. (2022). Knee Isokinetic Profiles and Reference Values of Professional Female Soccer Players. Sports, 10(12), 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10120204