The Relative Contributions of BmPPO and BmDDC in Immune Melanization of Hemolymph in Silkworm, Bombyx mori
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Silkworm
2.2. Pathogen and Inhibitor Preparation
2.3. Silkworm Injection and Hemolymph Collection
2.4. Determination of DDC Activity and Dopamine Content
2.5. Determination of PO Activity
2.6. Melanization Assay
2.7. Antibacterial Activity Assay
2.8. Hemocyte Aggregation Assay
2.9. Hemocyte Phagocytosis or Encapsulation Assay
2.10. Double-Stranded RNA Synthesis
2.11. Reverse Transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR)
2.12. Nodule Formation Assay
2.13. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Specificity of Inhibitor
3.2. Effect of Inhibitors on the Melanization and the Antimicrobial Activity of Hemolymph
3.3. Effects of Inhibitors on Cellular Responses (Aggregation, Phagocytosis, Encapsulation) and Dopamine Titers
3.4. Effects of Reducing Gene Expression on the Antibacterial Activity and Melanization of Hemolymph
3.5. Effects of Reducing Gene Expression on Hemocyte Aggregation and Epidermal Nodule Formation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hu, Z.; Chen, P.; Wang, C.; Chen, P. The Relative Contributions of BmPPO and BmDDC in Immune Melanization of Hemolymph in Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insects 2026, 17, 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17040405
Hu Z, Chen P, Wang C, Chen P. The Relative Contributions of BmPPO and BmDDC in Immune Melanization of Hemolymph in Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insects. 2026; 17(4):405. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17040405
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Zunmei, Pan Chen, Chunyang Wang, and Ping Chen. 2026. "The Relative Contributions of BmPPO and BmDDC in Immune Melanization of Hemolymph in Silkworm, Bombyx mori" Insects 17, no. 4: 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17040405
APA StyleHu, Z., Chen, P., Wang, C., & Chen, P. (2026). The Relative Contributions of BmPPO and BmDDC in Immune Melanization of Hemolymph in Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insects, 17(4), 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17040405
