Identity, Prevalence, and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Infecting Invasive Polistes (Vespidae: Polistinae) Paper Wasps in New Zealand
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site, Sample and Nest Collection
2.2. Fungal Identification
2.2.1. DNA Extraction, Sequencing and Phylogenetics
2.2.2. Morphological Characterisation
2.3. Prevalence of Fungi in Wild Nests
2.4. Infection Bioassays
3. Results
3.1. Fungi Identification
3.2. Prevalence of Fungi in Wild Nests
3.3. Infection Bioassays
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Primer ref. | Fungal Species | Lab ID | GenBank Accession no. |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | [57] | O. humbertii | 1 | ON479659 |
2 | ON479660 | |||
B. malawiensis | 3 | Not submitted | ||
4 | OL347578 | |||
18S | [57] | O. humbertii | 1 | ON458754 |
2 | ON458755 | |||
B. malawiensis | 3 | OL336513 | ||
4 | OL336514 | |||
ef1 a | [58] | B. malawiensis | 3 | OL348210 |
4 | OL348211 |
Fungal Species | Nest ID | ntotal | ndead | Pdead | Days | cfu Wasp−1 | Conidiogenesis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beauveria malawiensis | 167 | 62 | 34 | 0.55 | 45 | 6.92 × 104 | No |
193 | 81 | 10 | 0.12 | 45 | 5.29 × 104 | Yes | |
Ophiocordyceps humbertii | 277 | 57 | 57 | 0.26 | 45 | 7.52 × 104 | Yes |
293 | 83 | 4 | 0.05 | 15 | 7.33 × 104 | No |
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Reason, A.; Bulgarella, M.; Lester, P.J. Identity, Prevalence, and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Infecting Invasive Polistes (Vespidae: Polistinae) Paper Wasps in New Zealand. Insects 2022, 13, 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100922
Reason A, Bulgarella M, Lester PJ. Identity, Prevalence, and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Infecting Invasive Polistes (Vespidae: Polistinae) Paper Wasps in New Zealand. Insects. 2022; 13(10):922. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100922
Chicago/Turabian StyleReason, Aiden, Mariana Bulgarella, and Philip J. Lester. 2022. "Identity, Prevalence, and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Infecting Invasive Polistes (Vespidae: Polistinae) Paper Wasps in New Zealand" Insects 13, no. 10: 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100922