Ophelimus bipolaris sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a New Invasive Eucalyptus Pest and Its Host Plants in China †
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Sampling
2.2. Species Identification
2.3. Photography
3. Results
Ophelimus bipolaris Chen & Yao, sp. n.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Locality | Coordinates | Eucalyptus Species |
---|---|---|
Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic (GEEP) | 23°11′58″ N 113°22′35″ E | E. urophylla * |
Xiaoguwei Island (XI) | 23°4′0″ N 113°22′41″ E | E. urophylla *, E. grandis × E. urophylla *, E. citriodora, E. exserta |
South China Botanical Garden (SCBG) | 23°10′52″ N 113°21′28″ E | E. tereticornis *, E. citriodora, E. exserta |
Huolushan Forest Park (HFP) | 23°10′39″ N 113°22′56″ E | E. urophylla *, E. grandis *, E. exserta |
Code | Locality | Host Plant | Stage | Sex | Submarginal Vein Setae | GenBank Accession Number | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COI | 28S | ||||||
HC739 | GEEP | E. urophylla | adult | female | 4 | MZ348610 | MZ348616 |
HC740 | GEEP | E. urophylla | larva | NA | NA | MZ348611 | MZ348617 |
HC745 | GEEP | E. urophylla | adult | male | 3 | MZ348612 | MZ348618 |
HC746 | GEEP | E. urophylla | adult | male | 4 | MZ348613 | MZ348619 |
HC747 | GEEP | E. urophylla | adult | female | 5 | MZ348614 | MZ348620 |
HC785 | XI | E. grandis × E. urophylla | adult | female | 4 | MZ605326 | MZ605354 |
HC786 | XI | E. grandis × E. urophylla | larva | NA | NA | MZ605327 | MZ605355 |
HC787 | XI | E. urophylla | adult | female | 5 | MZ605328 | MZ605356 |
HC788 | XI | E. urophylla | adult | female | 4 | MZ605329 | MZ605357 |
HC789 | HFP | E. grandis | adult | female | 4 | MZ605330 | MZ605358 |
HC790 | HFP | E. grandis | adult | female | 3 | MZ605331 | MZ605359 |
HC791 | HFP | E. urophylla | adult | female | 5 | MZ605332 | MZ605360 |
HC792 | HFP | E. urophylla | adult | female | 4 | MZ605333 | MZ605361 |
HC793 | XI | E. urophylla | adult | male | 3 | MZ605334 | MZ605362 |
HC794 | SCBG | E. tereticornis | adult | female | 4 | MZ605335 | MZ605363 |
O. bipolaris | O. eucalypti ‘Maid.’ | O. eucalypti ‘Trans.’ | O. maskelli | O. mediterraneus | O. migdnorum | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head color | Brown with metallic green | Mainly black, frons faintly tinged with metallic green | Mainly black, frons faintly tinged with metallic green | Brown with metallic green | Brown with metallic green | Brown with metallic green |
Mesosoma color | Brown with metallic green | Mainly black, dorsal mesosoma faintly tinged with purplish | Mainly black, dorsal mesosoma faintly tinged with purplish | Brown with metallic green | Brown with metallic green | Brown with metallic green |
Body length | Female: 1.1–1.8 mm; male: 1.0–1.2 mm | Female: 2.0–2.5 mm | Female: 2.0–2.5 mm; male: ? | Female: 0.8–1.1 mm | Female: 0.8–1.0 mm | Female: 0.7–1.4 mm; male: 0.7–1.4 mm |
No. of setae on submarginal vein | 3–5 | 2–4 | ≥5 | 1 | 2–4 | 1–3 |
Marginal vein/Stigmal vein | About 1.8 × | About 2 × | About 2 × ? | About 0.7× | About 0.7× | 0.7–0.8× |
Postmarginal vein/Stigmal vein | <0.5× | >1× | >1 × ? | >2× | >1× | >3× |
No. of setae on mesoscutal midlobe | 5 pairs | 6 pairs | 6 pairs? | 2 pairs | 2 pairs | Unknown |
Propodeum vs. Metascutellum | Distinctly longer | Subequal | Subequal? | Subequal | Subequal | Unknown |
Hosts | E. grandis, E. grandis × urophylla, E. tereticornis and E. urophylla | Eucalyptu from section Maidenaria | Eucalyptu from section Transversaria | Eucalyptu from 3 sections: Exsertaria, Latoangulata and Maidenaria | Eucalyptu from section Maidenaria | E. globulus, E. camaldulensis |
Galls | Only on leaf blade, round and smooth, green then to reddish galls visible on both sides of the leaves | On leaf midribs, leaf blade and shoot axes, round and smooth, green then to reddish galls | Only on leaf blade, females induce circular, protruding galls, males induce pit galls | Only on leaf blade, round and smooth, green then to reddish galls visible on both sides of the leaves | Only on leaf blade, ellipsoidal, conical shaped, brown coloured with rough and racked surface on just the upper side of the leaves | On leaf blade, midrib, secondary rib, petiole, and twigs, amorphous |
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Chen, H.-Y.; Yao, J.-M.; Huang, S.-B.; Pang, H. Ophelimus bipolaris sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a New Invasive Eucalyptus Pest and Its Host Plants in China. Insects 2021, 12, 778. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090778
Chen H-Y, Yao J-M, Huang S-B, Pang H. Ophelimus bipolaris sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a New Invasive Eucalyptus Pest and Its Host Plants in China. Insects. 2021; 12(9):778. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090778
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Hua-Yan, Jie-Min Yao, Shao-Bin Huang, and Hong Pang. 2021. "Ophelimus bipolaris sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a New Invasive Eucalyptus Pest and Its Host Plants in China" Insects 12, no. 9: 778. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090778