Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Fecundity, Apoptosis and Virus Transmission in the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects
2.2. Bioassays
2.3. Effects of Imidacloprid on Fecundity in SBPH
2.4. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
2.5. Effects of Imidacloprid on Vertical Transmission of RSV by SBPH
2.6. TUNEL Assay
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Imidacloprid on the Fecundity of SBPH
3.2. Effects of Imidacloprid on Apoptosis in Ovaries
3.3. Effects of Imidacloprid on the Expression Levels of Four Caspase Genes in SBPH
3.4. Effects of Imidacloprid on RSV Transmission by SBPH
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insecticide | N | Regression Equation | Dose, 95% Confidence Limits (mg/L) | χ2 (df) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LC10 | LC20 | LC30 | |||||
imidacloprid | 540 | Y = 1.5256 + 2.2602X | 9.34 (7.32–11.90) | 14.62 (12.02–17.77) | 20.19 (16.95–24.06) | 0.770 (3) | 0.857 |
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Zhang, Y.; Xu, G.; Jiang, Y.; Ma, C.; Yang, G. Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Fecundity, Apoptosis and Virus Transmission in the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. Insects 2021, 12, 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121131
Zhang Y, Xu G, Jiang Y, Ma C, Yang G. Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Fecundity, Apoptosis and Virus Transmission in the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. Insects. 2021; 12(12):1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121131
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yuanyuan, Gang Xu, Yu Jiang, Chao Ma, and Guoqing Yang. 2021. "Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Fecundity, Apoptosis and Virus Transmission in the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus" Insects 12, no. 12: 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121131