Host Ant Change of a Socially Parasitic Butterfly (Phengaris alcon) through Host Nest Take-Over
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Species, Population and Site
2.2. Collecting and Culturing
2.3. Tests of Colony Take-Over
2.3.1. “Vacant Possession” Test
2.3.2. “Takeover” Test
2.4. Data Analysis
2.4.1. Ant Outcomes
2.4.2. Caterpillar Survivorship
3. Results
3.1. Ant Outcomes
3.2. Caterpillar Survivorship
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Nurse Colony | “Foreign” Colony | Experimental Nest ID | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colony ID | Site | Colony ID | Myrmica Species | “Vacant Possession” | “Takeover” |
B01 | Bükkszentkereszt | K13 | scabrinodis | B01-1 | B01-2 |
B02 | Bükkszentkereszt | K06 | scabrinodis | B02-1 | B02-2 |
B03 | Bükkszentkereszt | K02 | scabrinodis | B03-1 | B03-2 |
B03 | Bükkszentkereszt | K07 | scabrinodis | B03-3 | B03-4 |
B04 | Bükkszentkereszt | K09 | scabrinodis | B04-1 | B04-2 |
B04 | Bükkszentkereszt | B13 | scabrinodis | B04-3 | B04-4 |
B05 | Bükkszentkereszt | K12 | scabrinodis | B05-1 | B05-2 |
B07 | Bükkszentkereszt | K09 | scabrinodis | B07-1 | B07-2 |
B08 | Bükkszentkereszt | K11 | scabrinodis | B08-1 | B08-2 |
B08 | Bükkszentkereszt | B13 | scabrinodis | B08-3 | B08-4 |
B09 | Bükkszentkereszt | K11 | scabrinodis | B09-1 | B09-2 |
B10 | Bükkszentkereszt | K06 | scabrinodis | B10-1 | B10-2 |
B11 | Bükkszentkereszt | K08 | scabrinodis | B11-1 | B11-2 |
B11 | Bükkszentkereszt | K08 | scabrinodis | B11-3 | B11-4 |
B12 | Bükkszentkereszt | K04 | scabrinodis | B12-1 | B12-2 |
B12 | Bükkszentkereszt | K12 | scabrinodis | B12-3 | B12-4 |
B13 | Bükkszentkereszt | B08 | sabuleti | B13-1 | B13-2 |
B13 | Bükkszentkereszt | B04 | sabuleti | B13-3 | B13-4 |
K01 | Kecskeláb-rét | K03 | sabuleti | K01-1 | K01-2 |
K02 | Kecskeláb-rét | B03 | sabuleti | K02-1 | K02-2 |
K02 | Kecskeláb-rét | K03 | sabuleti | K02-3 | K02-4 |
K03 | Kecskeláb-rét | K02 | scabrinodis | K03-1 | K03-2 |
K03 | Kecskeláb-rét | K01 | scabrinodis | K03-3 | K03-4 |
K04 | Kecskeláb-rét | B12 | sabuleti | K04-1 | K04-2 |
K05 | Kecskeláb-rét | K10 | sabuleti | K05-1 | K05-2 |
K06 | Kecskeláb-rét | B02 | sabuleti | K06-1 | K06-2 |
K06 | Kecskeláb-rét | B10 | sabuleti | K06-3 | K06-4 |
K07 | Kecskeláb-rét | K10 | sabuleti | K07-1 | K07-2 |
K07 | Kecskeláb-rét | B03 | sabuleti | K07-3 | K07-4 |
K08 | Kecskeláb-rét | B11 | sabuleti | K08-1 | K08-2 |
K08 | Kecskeláb-rét | B11 | sabuleti | K08-3 | K08-4 |
K09 | Kecskeláb-rét | B07 | sabuleti | K09-1 | K09-2 |
K09 | Kecskeláb-rét | B04 | sabuleti | K09-3 | K09-4 |
K10 | Kecskeláb-rét | K05 | scabrinodis | K10-1 | K10-2 |
K10 | Kecskeláb-rét | K07 | scabrinodis | K10-3 | K10-4 |
K11 | Kecskeláb-rét | B08 | sabuleti | K11-1 | K11-2 |
K11 | Kecskeláb-rét | B09 | sabuleti | K11-3 | K11-4 |
K12 | Kecskeláb-rét | B05 | sabuleti | K12-1 | K12-2 |
K12 | Kecskeláb-rét | B12 | sabuleti | K12-3 | K12-4 |
K13 | Kecskeláb-rét | B01 | sabuleti | K13-1 | K13-2 |
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Number of P. alcon Caterpillars | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Myrmica sp. | Colony ID | Introduced | Alive | Remaining |
sabuleti | B13 | 18 | 12 | 4 |
K1 | 13 | 10 | 6 | |
K2 | 14 | 12 | 4 | |
K4 | 14 | 13 | 9 | |
K5 | 13 | 9 | 5 | |
K6 | 12 | 9 | 1 | |
K7 | 12 | 12 | 4 | |
K8 | 16 | 9 | 1 | |
K9 | 15 | 10 | 2 | |
K11 | 20 | 10 | 2 | |
K12 | 13 | 9 | 1 | |
K13 | 13 | 11 | 7 | |
Total | 173 | 126 | 46 | |
scabrinodis | B1 | 12 | 7 | 3 |
B2 | 13 | 4 | 0 | |
B3 | 14 | 8 | 0 | |
B4 | 14 | 8 | 0 | |
B5 | 12 | 4 | 0 | |
B6 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
B7 | 13 | 5 | 1 | |
B8 | 12 | 11 | 3 | |
B9 | 15 | 7 | 3 | |
B10 | 14 | 7 | 3 | |
B11 | 16 | 8 | 0 | |
B12 | 16 | 9 | 1 | |
K3 | 15 | 9 | 1 | |
K10 | 13 | 11 | 3 | |
Total | 194 | 98 | 18 |
Source of Variation | DF | L-R χ2 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Foreign ant species | 1 | 6.904 | 0.0086 |
Test | 1 | 0.007 | 0.9337 |
Ant outcome [Nested in Test] | 1 | 2.546 | 0.1106 |
Foreign ant species × Test | 1 | 0.083 | 0.7738 |
Foreign ant species × Ant outcome [Nested in Test] | 1 | 4.726 | 0.0297 |
Source of Variation | DF | L-R χ2 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Myrmica sp. | 1 | 14.64 | <0.0001 |
Test | 2 | 6.53 | 0.0382 |
Myrmica sp. × Test | 2 | 1.86 | 0.3951 |
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Tartally, A.; Somogyi, A.Á.; Révész, T.; Nash, D.R. Host Ant Change of a Socially Parasitic Butterfly (Phengaris alcon) through Host Nest Take-Over. Insects 2020, 11, 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090556
Tartally A, Somogyi AÁ, Révész T, Nash DR. Host Ant Change of a Socially Parasitic Butterfly (Phengaris alcon) through Host Nest Take-Over. Insects. 2020; 11(9):556. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090556
Chicago/Turabian StyleTartally, András, Anna Ágnes Somogyi, Tamás Révész, and David R. Nash. 2020. "Host Ant Change of a Socially Parasitic Butterfly (Phengaris alcon) through Host Nest Take-Over" Insects 11, no. 9: 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090556