Persistence of a Yeast-Based (Hanseniaspora uvarum) Attract-and-Kill Formulation against Drosophila suzukii on Grape Leaves
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Rearing
2.2. Yeast Cultivation
2.3. Grape Plants Cultivation
2.4. Treatments
2.5. Mortality and Oviposition Assays
2.6. Sample Preparation and Analysis of Chemical and Metabolic Compounds
2.7. Volatile Compounds Collection and Characterization by CLSA-GC-MS
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mortality and Oviposition Assessment One Day after Treatment (T1)
3.2. Mortality and Oviposition Assessment One Week after Treatment (T2)
3.3. Carbohydrates and Sugar Alcohols
3.4. Amino Acids
3.5. Organic Acids
3.6. VOCs
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Compound | LRI ꓯ on HP-5MS | Reference LRI | Grapevine Leaves (T0) | Grapevine Leaves + H. uvarum (T1) | Grapevine Leaves + H. uvarum (T2) | Significance (ANOVA p Value, df = 2, 15) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALDEHYDES 1 | Benzaldehyde α | 961 | 965 | 0.33 ± 0.28 a | 2.85 ± 1.35 b | 1.20 ± 1.07 ab | F = 8.039, 0.004 ** |
ALCOHOLS 2 | 2-phenylethanol α | 1114 | 1116 | 0.18 ± 0.20 a | 1.09 ± 0.45 b | 0.48 ± 0.36 a | F = 8.648, 0.004 ** |
ACIDS 3 | octanoic acid α | 1171 | 1175 | nd a | 0.70 ± 0.30 b | 0.53 ± 0.39 b | F = 8.431, 0.003 ** |
ACETATES 4 | 2-phenylethyl acetate α | 1258 | 1265 | nd a | 1.48 ± 0.60 b | 0.96 ± 0.63 b | F = 11.27, 0.001 ** |
AROMATICS | |||||||
5 | methyl salicylate α | 1193 | 1190 | nd a | 12.73 ± 9.00 b | 2.25 ± 2.17 a | F = 14.45, p < 0.001 *** |
6 | Indole α | 1291 | 1288 | nd a | 0.57 ± 0.24 ab | 1.82 ± 1.85 b | F = 3.75, 0.047 * |
GLVs 7 | (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate α | 1188 | 1180 | 0.06 ± 0.08 | 2.63 ± 2.39 | 3.87 ± 4.99 | F = 1.846, ns |
TERPENES | |||||||
8 | 1,8-cineole | 1030 | 1030 | 7.80 ± 4.37 | 24.95 ± 14.86 | 15.98 ± 12.13 | F = 2.851, ns |
9 | Linalool α | 1103 | 1101 | nd a | 1.53 ± 0.88 ab | 2.79 ± 1.54 b | F = 9.299, 0.002 ** |
10 | DMNT α | 1117 | 1105 | nd a | 9.07 ± 4.70 b | 7.51 ± 5.32 b | F = 6.996, 0.007 ** |
11 | beta-caryophyllene α | 1418 | 1418 | 0.20 ± 0.15 a | 8.90 ± 3.83 b | 5.80 ± 5.39 ab | F = 6.659, 0.008 ** |
12 | Humulene α | 1452 | 1440 | 0.29 ± 0.11 a | 5.11 ± 1.94 b | 3.49 ± 2.66 b | F = 8.334, 0.004 ** |
13 | germacrene D α | 1480 | 1480 | 0.80 ± 0.46 a | 4.61 ± 2.08 b | 3.35 ± 2.41 b | F = 5.478, 0.016 * |
14 | trans-alpha-bergamotene | 1495 | 1496 | 0.15 ± 0.22 | 1.99 ± 0.62 | 3.63 ± 3.66 | F = 3.284, ns |
15 | (E,E)-alpha-farnesene α | 1508 | 1500 | 0.13 ± 0.11 a | 25.02 ± 13.40 a | 136.25 ± 115.62 b | F = 5.816, 0.013 * |
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Bianchi, F.; Spitaler, U.; Castellan, I.; Cossu, C.S.; Brigadoi, T.; Duménil, C.; Angeli, S.; Robatscher, P.; Vogel, R.F.; Schmidt, S.; et al. Persistence of a Yeast-Based (Hanseniaspora uvarum) Attract-and-Kill Formulation against Drosophila suzukii on Grape Leaves. Insects 2020, 11, 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110810
Bianchi F, Spitaler U, Castellan I, Cossu CS, Brigadoi T, Duménil C, Angeli S, Robatscher P, Vogel RF, Schmidt S, et al. Persistence of a Yeast-Based (Hanseniaspora uvarum) Attract-and-Kill Formulation against Drosophila suzukii on Grape Leaves. Insects. 2020; 11(11):810. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110810
Chicago/Turabian StyleBianchi, Flavia, Urban Spitaler, Irene Castellan, Carlo S. Cossu, Timothy Brigadoi, Claire Duménil, Sergio Angeli, Peter Robatscher, Rudi F. Vogel, Silvia Schmidt, and et al. 2020. "Persistence of a Yeast-Based (Hanseniaspora uvarum) Attract-and-Kill Formulation against Drosophila suzukii on Grape Leaves" Insects 11, no. 11: 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110810