Influence of Temperature on the Life-Cycle Dynamics of Aedes albopictus Population Established at Temperate Latitudes: A Laboratory Experiment
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mosquito Colony
2.2. Experimental Conditions
2.3. Egg-Hatching Experiment
2.4. Larval Survival and Developmental Time
2.5. Adult Longevity and Gonotrophic Cycle
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Survivorship and Length of Development of Eggs and Immature Stages
3.2. Adult Life Expectancies
3.3. Gonotrophic Cycles and Egg Laying
3.4. Population Dynamics Simulation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix A.1. Bayesian Fitting of the Posterior Distributions of Life History Parameters
Appendix A.2. Adult Survival
Appendix A.3. Population Dynamics Simulation
References
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T (°C) | Eggs (n) | Egg-L1 | L1 (n) | L1-L2 | L2-L3 | L3-L4 | L4-Pupae | Pupae-Adult | L1-Adult | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | |
10 | 120 | 100 | 0 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 100 | 80 | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
15 | 120 | 110 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 100 | 80 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 0.89 ± 0.04 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.93 ± 0.03 | 1 | 0.86 ± 004 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 0.84 ± 0.05 | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.05 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 0.5 ± 0.06 |
25 | 120 | 130 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.49 ± 0.04 | 100 | 80 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.93 ± 0.03 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.02 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.86 ± 0.04 | 0.94 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 0.76 ± 0.05 |
30 | 120 | 140 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 100 | 80 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.88 ± 0.04 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.02 | 0.9 ± 0.03 | 0.91 ± 0.04 | 0.84 ± 0.04 | 0.9 ± 0.04 | 0.71 ± 0.05 | 0.68 ± 0.05 |
T (°C) | Eggs-L1 | L1-L2 | L2-L3 | L3-L4 | L4-Pupae | Pupae-Adult | L1-Adult | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | TE | ST | |
10 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 37.4 ± 0.7 | ||||||||||||
15 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 1.8 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 16.7 ± 0.4 | 13.4 ± 0.8 | 10.7 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 36.8 ± 0.5 | 35 ± 0.9 |
25 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 12.7 ± 0.2 | 10.4 ± 0.7 |
30 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.0 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.1 | 8.8 ± 0.6 |
T (°C) | Mean ± SE (Days) | Range (min–max) (Days) |
---|---|---|
10 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 2–10 |
15 | 27.9 ± 2.0 | 8–45 |
25 | 64.5 ± 3.8 | 32–92 |
30 | 53.5 ± 4.7 | 14–86 |
25 °C | 30 °C | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Duration (Mean ± SE) | Minimum Duration | Number of Eggs (Mean ± SE) | n | Mean | Minimum Duration | Number of Eggs (Mean ± SE) | |
Cycle 1 | 20 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4 | 31.7 ± 2.0 | 20 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 2 | 55.9 ± 4.0 |
Cycle 2 | 20 | 4.0 ± 0.0 | 3 | 40.1 ± 2.3 | 12 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 2 | 55.0 ± 8.2 |
Cycle 3 | 20 | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 3 | 40.8 ± 2.1 | 3 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 3 | 60.7 ± 13.2 |
Cycle 4 | 20 | 4.0 ± 0.0 | 4 | 40.4 ± 2.3 | ||||
Cycle 5 | 17 | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 3 | 39.4 ± 2.5 | ||||
Cycle 6 | 16 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 3 | 31.6 ± 4.7 | ||||
Cycle 7 | 16 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 3 | 30.0 ± 3.5 | ||||
Cycle 8 | 13 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 3 | 25.4 ± 5.0 | ||||
Cycle 9 | 9 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4 | 29.4 ± 8.3 | ||||
Cycle 10 | 5 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 4 | 19.0 ± 0.4 | ||||
Cycle 11 | 2 | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 5 | 6.0 ± 3.0 | ||||
Mean | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 34.3 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 56.0 ± 3.7 |
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Marini, G.; Manica, M.; Arnoldi, D.; Inama, E.; Rosà, R.; Rizzoli, A. Influence of Temperature on the Life-Cycle Dynamics of Aedes albopictus Population Established at Temperate Latitudes: A Laboratory Experiment. Insects 2020, 11, 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110808
Marini G, Manica M, Arnoldi D, Inama E, Rosà R, Rizzoli A. Influence of Temperature on the Life-Cycle Dynamics of Aedes albopictus Population Established at Temperate Latitudes: A Laboratory Experiment. Insects. 2020; 11(11):808. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110808
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarini, Giovanni, Mattia Manica, Daniele Arnoldi, Enrico Inama, Roberto Rosà, and Annapaola Rizzoli. 2020. "Influence of Temperature on the Life-Cycle Dynamics of Aedes albopictus Population Established at Temperate Latitudes: A Laboratory Experiment" Insects 11, no. 11: 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110808