Performance of Pheromone-Baited Traps to Monitor the Seasonal Abundance of Tortrix Moths in Chestnut Groves
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Monitoring Traps
2.2. Fruit Collection
2.3. Identification of Specimens
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Identification of Specimens
3.2. Pheromone Experiment
3.2.1. Pammene fasciana
3.2.2. Cydia fagiglandana
3.2.3. Cydia splendana
3.2.4. Damage to Chestnut Husks and Fruits
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Composition | Loading | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
P. fasciana | Z8-12:Ac + Z8-12:OH | 0.75 mg + 0.25 mg | Commercial |
C. fagiglandana | E8,E10-12Ac | 0.01 mg | Commercial |
C. fagiglandana | E8,E10-12Ac | 1.0 mg | Experimental |
C. splendana | E8,Z10-12:Ac | 1.0 mg | Commercial |
C. splendana | Tricarbonyl-[(8,9,10,11-η)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate]-iron (1) | 2.5 mg | Experimental |
2018 | ||||||||||||
Species | Pheromone | Average No. Males | Total No. Males Trapped | % | Peveragno | Villarfocchiardo | Carro | Montese | Badia del Borgo | Molazzana | ||
per Site (± SE) | ||||||||||||
PF | CP | 503.17 | ±154.57 | 3019 | 84.14 | 86 | 1088 | 602 | 471 | 671 | 101 | |
CF | CP | 72.50 | ±27.83 | a | 435 | 12.12 | 2 | 38 | 108 | 128 | 159 | 0 |
CF | EP | 6.00 | ±2.86 | b | 36 | 1.00 | 2 | 17 | 0 | 12 | 5 | 0 |
CS | CP | 3.67 | ±2.54 | A | 22 | 0.61 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 16 | 0 |
CS | EP | 12.67 | ±8.31 | B | 76 | 2.12 | 1 | 23 | 0 | 50 | 2 | 0 |
Total | 3.588 | |||||||||||
2019 | ||||||||||||
Species | Pheromone | Average No. Males | Total No. Males Trapped | % | Peveragno | Villarfocchiardo | Carro | Montese | Badia del Borgo | Molazzana | ||
per Site (± SE) | ||||||||||||
PF | CP | 86.11 | ±20.73 | 5298 | 76.96 | 158 | 1132 | 2.397 | 0 | 793 | 818 | |
CF | CP | 64.83 | ±12.39 | a | 389 | 5.65 | 1 | 16 | 94 | 0 | 234 | 44 |
CF | EP | 61.00 | ±8.77 | a | 366 | 5.32 | 16 | 26 | 124 | 1 | 169 | 30 |
CS | CP | 26.33 | ±6.75 | A | 158 | 2.30 | 8 | 15 | 108 | 0 | 17 | 10 |
CS | EP | 112.17 | ±47.41 | B | 673 | 9.78 | 11 | 90 | 469 | 4 | 97 | 2 |
Total | 6.884 |
Site | Region | 2018 | 2019 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total No. Chestnut Husks | Healthy (%) | Damaged (%) | Total No. Chestnut Husks | Healthy (%) | Damaged (%) | ||
Peveragno | Piedmont | - | - | - | 538 | 51.5 | 48.5 a |
Villar Focchiardo | 100 | 92.0 | 8.0 a | 585 | 26.2 | 73.8 b | |
Carro | Liguria | - | - | - | 190 | 18.4 | 81.6 b |
Montese | Emilia Romagna | 161 | 80.7 | 19.3 b | - | - | - |
Badia del Borgo | Tuscany | 120 | 66.7 | 33.3 c | - | - | - |
Molazzana | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Site | Region | 2018 | 2019 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total No. Chestnut Fruit | Damage (%) at Collection | Damage (%) after Rearing | Average No. Larvae Recorded (± SE) | Total No. Chestnut Fruit | Damage (%) at Collection | Damage (%) after Rearing | Average No. Larvae Recorded (± SE) | ||
Peveragno | Piedmont | 1000 | 1.00 | 1.70 a | 2.14 ± 0.98 a | 1657 | 2.66 | 21.12 a | 6.25 ± 1.61 a |
Villar Focchiardo | 1000 | 10.20 | 18.70 b | 1.40 ± 0.26 a | 1593 | 4.71 | 9.42 b | 16.11 ± 3.68 b | |
Carro | Liguria | 1169 | 19.80 | 22.90 b | 5.29 ± 1.33 b | 830 | 8.67 | 18.43 a | 7.36 ± 1.74 a |
Montese | Emilia Romagna | 1012 | 4.50 | 4.60 a | 2.44 ± 1.06 a | 898 | 6.68 | 10.90 b | 6.42 ± 1.37 a |
Badia del Borgo | Tuscany | 2975 | 2.80 | 4.60 a | 1.10 ± 0.16 a | 1156 | 2.42 | 9.08 b | 3.45 ± 0.89 a |
Molazzana | 995 | 8.20 | 8.70 a | 2.27 ± 0.83 a | - | - | - | - |
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Ferracini, C.; Pogolotti, C.; Lentini, G.; Saitta, V.; Busato, E.; Rama, F.; Alma, A. Performance of Pheromone-Baited Traps to Monitor the Seasonal Abundance of Tortrix Moths in Chestnut Groves. Insects 2020, 11, 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110807
Ferracini C, Pogolotti C, Lentini G, Saitta V, Busato E, Rama F, Alma A. Performance of Pheromone-Baited Traps to Monitor the Seasonal Abundance of Tortrix Moths in Chestnut Groves. Insects. 2020; 11(11):807. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110807
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerracini, Chiara, Cristina Pogolotti, Giada Lentini, Valerio Saitta, Enrico Busato, Franco Rama, and Alberto Alma. 2020. "Performance of Pheromone-Baited Traps to Monitor the Seasonal Abundance of Tortrix Moths in Chestnut Groves" Insects 11, no. 11: 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110807
APA StyleFerracini, C., Pogolotti, C., Lentini, G., Saitta, V., Busato, E., Rama, F., & Alma, A. (2020). Performance of Pheromone-Baited Traps to Monitor the Seasonal Abundance of Tortrix Moths in Chestnut Groves. Insects, 11(11), 807. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110807