Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes from Two Nitidulid Pests with Phylogenetic Implications
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and DNA Extraction
2.2. Sequence Analysis
2.3. Phylogenetic Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Genome Organization
3.2. Protein-coding Genes (PCGs)
3.3. Transfer and Ribosomal RNAs
3.4. AT-rich Region
3.5. Nucleotide Analyses
3.6. Phylogenetic Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Family | Species | Accession Number | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Sphindidae | Aspidiphorus orbiculatus | KT780625 | Unpublished |
Erotylidae | Languriidae sp. | MG193464 | [36] |
Erotylinae sp1 | MH836601 | [37] | |
Erotylinae sp2 | MH789736 | [37] | |
Monotomidae | Monotoma quadricollis | KX035132 | Unpublished |
Rhizophagus aeneus | KX087340 | Unpublished | |
Kateretidae | Brachypterolus vestitus | KX087245 | Unpublished |
Nitidulidae | Nitidulidae sp | MH789742 | [37] |
Aethina tumida | NC_036104 | [38] | |
Xenostrongylusvariegatus | MW044620 | This study | |
Epuraea guttata | KX087289 | Unpublished | |
Carpophilus dimidiatus | NC_046036 | [39] | |
Carpophilus pilosellus | MN604383 | [39] | |
Epuraea sp. | MW044619 | This study | |
Silvanidae | Uleiota sp. | KX035149 | Unpublished |
Cucujidae | Cucujus clavipes | GU176341 | [40] |
Cucujus haematodes | KX087268 | Unpublished |
Regions | Size (bp) | T(U) | C | A | G | AT(%) | GC(%) | AT Skew | GC Skew |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X. variegatus | |||||||||
Full genome | 17,657 | 37.8 | 13 | 39.4 | 9.8 | 77.2 | 22.8 | 0.021 | −0.141 |
PCGs | 11,046 | 43 | 11.5 | 34 | 11.5 | 77 | 23 | −0.116 | 0 |
1st codon position | 3682 | 37.2 | 10.7 | 35.1 | 17.1 | 72.3 | 27.8 | −0.029 | 0.229 |
2nd codon position | 3682 | 47.3 | 17.7 | 21.6 | 13.4 | 68.9 | 31.1 | −0.374 | −0.136 |
3rd codon position | 3682 | 44.4 | 6.2 | 45.4 | 4 | 89.8 | 10.2 | 0.012 | −0.207 |
tRNAs | 1454 | 38.6 | 9 | 39.6 | 12.8 | 78.2 | 21.8 | 0.013 | 0.174 |
rRNAs | 2079 | 42.8 | 6.6 | 38.5 | 12.1 | 81.3 | 18.7 | −0.053 | 0.296 |
AT-rich region | 2910 | 40.2 | 13.5 | 34.4 | 11.9 | 74.6 | 25.4 | −0.078 | −0.064 |
Epuraea sp. | |||||||||
Full genome | 16,641 | 38.8 | 14.4 | 37.6 | 9.3 | 76.4 | 23.7 | −0.015 | −0.216 |
PCGs | 11,097 | 42.9 | 12.9 | 32 | 12.2 | 74.9 | 25.1 | −0.146 | −0.026 |
1st codon position | 3699 | 36.7 | 11.9 | 34.4 | 17 | 71.1 | 28.9 | −0.032 | 0.179 |
2nd codon position | 3699 | 46.7 | 18.3 | 21.2 | 13.7 | 67.9 | 32 | −0.376 | −0.143 |
3rd codon position | 3699 | 45.2 | 8.5 | 40.3 | 6 | 85.5 | 14.5 | −0.057 | −0.175 |
tRNAs | 1445 | 36.3 | 10.9 | 39.4 | 13.4 | 75.7 | 24.3 | 0.041 | 0.103 |
rRNAs | 2081 | 41.9 | 6.9 | 36.9 | 14.4 | 78.8 | 21.3 | −0.063 | 0.353 |
AT-rich region | 1984 | 53.8 | 12.1 | 28.8 | 5.2 | 82.6 | 17.3 | −0.302 | −0.397 |
Species | Whole Genome | AT Skew | GC Skew | PCGs | tRNAs | rRNAs | A + T-Rich Region | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size (bp) | AT (%) | Size (bp) | AT (%) | Size (bp) | AT (%) | Size (bp) | AT (%) | Size (bp) | AT (%) | |||
E1 | 16,021 | 76.5 | 0.043 | −0.19 | 11,073 | 75.7 | 1451 | 75.7 | 2081 | 76.4 | - | - |
E2 | 16,641 | 76.4 | −0.015 | −0.216 | 11,097 | 74.9 | 1445 | 75.8 | 2081 | 78.8 | 1984 | 82.6 |
C1 | 15,717 | 75.2 | 0.038 | −0.202 | 11,094 | 74.5 | 1441 | 74.9 | 2061 | 75 | 1057 | 83.6 |
C2 | 15,686 | 77.2 | 0.027 | −0.177 | 11,103 | 76.5 | 1442 | 76.5 | 2079 | 77.5 | 944 | 86.7 |
N | 17,432 | 78.4 | 0.036 | −0.183 | 11,091 | 76.3 | 1443 | 78.2 | 2073 | 80.3 | - | - |
A | 16,576 | 76.9 | 0.034 | −0.223 | 11,109 | 75.4 | 1460 | 77.2 | 2064 | 79.5 | - | - |
X | 17,657 | 77.2 | 0.021 | −0.141 | 11,046 | 77 | 1454 | 78.2 | 2079 | 81.3 | 2910 | 74.6 |
Position | Size (bp) | Intergenic Nucleotides | Codon | Strand | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | Start | Stop | ||||
X. variegatus/E. sp. | |||||||
trnI | 1/1 | 64/63 | 64/63 | +/+ | |||
trnQ | 62/61 | 130/129 | 69/69 | −3/−3 | −/− | ||
trnM | 131/129 | 199/197 | 69/69 | /−1 | +/+ | ||
nad2 | 200/198 | 1174/1205 | 975/1008 | ATT/ATT | TAA/TAA | +/+ | |
trnW | 1202/1214 | 1268/1280 | 67/67 | 27/8 | +/+ | ||
trnC | 1383/1284 | 1446/1345 | 64/62 | 114/3 | −/− | ||
trnY | 1448/1346 | 1510/1410 | 63/65 | 1/ | −/− | ||
cox1 | 1503/1403 | 3042/2942 | 1540/1540 | −8/−8 | ATT/ATC | T/T | +/+ |
trnL2 | 3043/2943 | 3107/3007 | 65/65 | +/+ | |||
cox2 | 3108/3008 | 3780/3695 | 673/688 | ATT/ATT | T/T | +/+ | |
trnK | 3781/3696 | 3851/3765 | 71/70 | +/+ | |||
trnD | 3855/3766 | 3924/3831 | 70/66 | 3/ | +/+ | ||
atp8 | 3925/3832 | 4069/3987 | 145/156 | ATC/ATC | T/TAG | +/+ | |
atp6 | 4076/3981 | 4747/4655 | 672/675 | 6/−7 | ATA/ATG | TAA/TAA | +/+ |
cox3 | 4747/4655 | 5533/5438 | 787/784 | −1/−1 | ATG/ATG | T/TAG | +/+ |
trnG | 5534/5439 | 5597/5501 | 64/63 | +/+ | |||
nad3 | 5604/5502 | 5951/5855 | 348/354 | 6/ | ATT/ATT | TAG/T | +/+ |
trnA | 5950/5854 | 6015/5917 | 66/64 | −2/−2 | +/+ | ||
trnR | 6015/5918 | 6077/5979 | 63/62 | −1/ | +/+ | ||
trnN | 6077/5980 | 6142/6046 | 66/67 | −1/ | +/+ | ||
trnS1 | 6143/6047 | 6209/6113 | 67/67 | +/+ | |||
trnE | 6210/6114 | 6273/6176 | 64/63 | +/+ | |||
trnF | 6272/6175 | 6336/6239 | 65/65 | −2/−2 | −/− | ||
nad5 | 6337/6249 | 8053/7953 | 1717/1705 | /9 | ATA/ATT | T/TAG | −/− |
trnH | 8051/7954 | 8114/8018 | 64/65 | −3/ | −/− | ||
nad4 | 8112/8016 | 9444/9342 | 1333/1327 | −3/−3 | ATT/ATA | T/T | −/− |
nad4L | 9435/9339 | 9722/9623 | 288/285 | −10/−4 | ATG/ATG | TAA/TAA | −/− |
trnT | 9725/9626 | 9789/9689 | 65/64 | 2/2 | +/+ | ||
trnP | 9790/9690 | 9854/9755 | 65/66 | −/− | |||
nad6 | 9859/9760 | 10,359/10,263 | 501/504 | 4/4 | ATA/ATA | TAA/TAA | +/+ |
cytb | 10,359/10,263 | 11,498/11,405 | 1140/1143 | −1/−1 | ATG/ATG | TAG/TAG | +/+ |
trnS2 | 11,497/11,404 | 11,564/11,471 | 68/68 | −2/−2 | +/+ | ||
nad1 | 11,582/11,489 | 12,514/12,421 | 933/933 | 17/17 | ATT/ATT | TAG/TAG | −/− |
trnL1 | 12,534/12,441 | 12,600/12,505 | 67/65 | 19/19 | −/− | ||
rrnL | 12,601/12,506 | 13,891/13,805 | 1291/1300 | −/− | |||
trnV | 13,892/13,806 | 13,959/13,875 | 68/70 | −/− | |||
rrnS | 13,960/13,877 | 14,747/14,657 | 788/781 | /1 | −/− | ||
AT-rich region | 14,748/14,658 | 17,657/16,641 | 2910/1984 | +/+ |
Gene | Start Codon/Stop Codon | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | E2 | C1 | C2 | N | A | X | |
nad2 | ATT/TAA | ATT/TAA | ATT/TAA | ATT/TAA | ATT/T | ATT/TAA | ATT/TAA |
cox1 | ATT/T | ATC/T | ATT/T | ATT/T | ATT/T | ATA/T | ATT/T |
cox2 | ATA/T | ATT/T | ATC/T | ATT/T | ATT/TAG | ATT/T | ATT/T |
atp8 | ATT/TAG | ATC/TAG | ATC/TAG | ATC/TAG | ATG/TAA | ATT/TAG | ATC/T |
atp6 | ATG/TAA | ATG/TAA | ATG/TAA | ATA/TAA | ATG/TAA | ATA/TAA | ATA/TAA |
cox3 | ATG/T | ATG/T | ATG/T | ATG/T | ATT/TAA | ATG/T | ATG/T |
nad3 | ATA/TAG | ATT/TAG | ATT/TAG | ATT/TAG | ATT/TAA | ATA/TAG | ATT/TAG |
nad5 | ATA/T | ATT/T | ATT/T | ATT/T | TAG/TAA | ATA/T | ATA/T |
nad4 | ATG/TAA | ATA/T | ATG/T | ATG/T | ATG/TAA | ATG/T | ATT/T |
nad4L | ATG/TAA | ATG/TAA | ATG/TAA | ATG/TAA | ATT/TAA | ATG/TAA | ATG/TAA |
nad6 | ATC/TAA | ATA/TAA | ATA/TAA | ATA/TAA | ATG/TAG | ATA/TAA | ATA/TAA |
Cytb | ATA/TAG | ATG/TAG | ATG/TAG | ATG/TAG | TTG/TAG | ATG/TAA | ATG/TAG |
nad1 | AAC/ATC | ATT/TAG | ATA/TAG | ATG/TAG | ATT/TAA | TTG/TAG | ATT/TAG |
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Chen, X.; Song, Q.; Huang, M. Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes from Two Nitidulid Pests with Phylogenetic Implications. Insects 2020, 11, 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110779
Chen X, Song Q, Huang M. Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes from Two Nitidulid Pests with Phylogenetic Implications. Insects. 2020; 11(11):779. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110779
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Xiaoxiao, Qing Song, and Min Huang. 2020. "Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes from Two Nitidulid Pests with Phylogenetic Implications" Insects 11, no. 11: 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110779