Improvement in the Hard Milling of AISI D2 Steel under the MQCL Condition Using Emulsion-Dispersed MoS2 Nanosheets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Production of MoS2 Nanoparticles
2.2. Experimental Set Up
2.3. Experiment Design
3. Results and Discussion
The Effects of Input Machining Parameters on Cutting Forces
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Std Order | Run Order | PtType | Blocks | Input Machining Parameters | Response Variables | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x1 (wt.%) | x2 (m/min) | x3 (HRC) | Fx (N) | Fy (N) | Fz (N) | ||||
1 | 20 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 90 | 56 | 60.50 | 116.70 | 179.90 |
2 | 30 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 90 | 56 | 62.70 | 101.30 | 135.70 |
3 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 110 | 56 | 43.70 | 99.80 | 131.83 |
4 | 41 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 110 | 56 | 53.10 | 90.08 | 136.40 |
5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 52 | 45.40 | 125.24 | 157.80 |
6 | 39 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 52 | 47.90 | 103.10 | 129.80 |
7 | 32 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 60 | 52.60 | 73.20 | 120.48 |
8 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 60 | 45.77 | 69.90 | 137.90 |
9 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 52 | 41.40 | 90.70 | 98.37 |
10 | 29 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 52 | 37.45 | 82.60 | 97.70 |
11 | 22 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 60 | 72.20 | 86.30 | 168.90 |
12 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 45.04 | 76.90 | 149.53 |
13 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 57.40 | 90.10 | 140.85 |
14 | 43 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 50.00 | 77.90 | 134.94 |
15 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 53.70 | 83.95 | 137.90 |
16 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 90 | 56 | 61.50 | 170.10 | 178.70 |
17 | 21 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 90 | 56 | 50.40 | 103.10 | 136.00 |
18 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 110 | 56 | 55.40 | 120.96 | 173.52 |
19 | 37 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 110 | 56 | 52.20 | 100.20 | 142.79 |
20 | 38 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 52 | 42.80 | 79.70 | 151.65 |
21 | 33 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 52 | 52.40 | 105.10 | 145.79 |
22 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 60 | 54.30 | 80.45 | 154.08 |
23 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 60 | 62.59 | 87.80 | 171.50 |
24 | 28 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 52 | 43.10 | 83.96 | 92.85 |
25 | 45 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 52 | 47.60 | 99.50 | 112.40 |
26 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 60 | 40.40 | 68.53 | 141.90 |
27 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 37.30 | 80.83 | 134.87 |
28 | 15 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 65.70 | 94.90 | 145.03 |
29 | 36 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 50.40 | 84.60 | 130.40 |
30 | 27 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 58.05 | 89.75 | 137.50 |
31 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 90 | 56 | 46.20 | 151.90 | 160.10 |
32 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 90 | 56 | 58.60 | 102.50 | 138.70 |
33 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 110 | 56 | 58.60 | 124.90 | 163.76 |
34 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 110 | 56 | 56.40 | 114.70 | 140.28 |
35 | 35 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 52 | 43.50 | 65.80 | 112.00 |
36 | 25 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 52 | 52.60 | 77.00 | 141.55 |
37 | 42 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 100 | 60 | 61.90 | 90.95 | 145.90 |
38 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 100 | 60 | 48.90 | 70.10 | 132.25 |
39 | 31 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 52 | 40.77 | 87.90 | 126.20 |
40 | 26 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 52 | 40.50 | 57.20 | 84.78 |
41 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 60 | 52.60 | 76.70 | 142.50 |
42 | 40 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 60 | 66.00 | 80.06 | 136.51 |
43 | 44 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 64.60 | 94.80 | 142.85 |
44 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 44.76 | 84.39 | 140.22 |
45 | 34 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 56 | 54.68 | 89.60 | 141.37 |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 6 | 1133.64 | 188.941 | 2.93 | 0.019 |
Linear | 3 | 580.91 | 193.638 | 3.00 | 0.042 |
x1 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.001 | 0.00 | 0.997 |
x2 | 1 | 37.70 | 37.700 | 0.58 | 0.449 |
x3 | 1 | 543.21 | 543.211 | 8.42 | 0.006 |
Square | 3 | 552.73 | 184.244 | 2.85 | 0.050 |
x1*x1 | 1 | 62.22 | 62.218 | 0.96 | 0.332 |
x2*x2 | 1 | 59.71 | 59.706 | 0.93 | 0.342 |
x3*x3 | 1 | 415.56 | 415.558 | 6.44 | 0.015 |
Error | 38 | 2452.38 | 64.536 | ||
Lack-of-Fit | 6 | 185.94 | 30.989 | 0.44 | 0.848 |
Pure Error | 32 | 2266.45 | 70.827 | ||
Total | 44 | 3586.03 |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 6 | 12,556.1 | 2092.7 | 8.47 | 0.000 |
Linear | 3 | 2569.2 | 856.4 | 3.47 | 0.025 |
x1 | 1 | 1748.0 | 1748.0 | 7.07 | 0.011 |
x2 | 1 | 352.4 | 352.4 | 1.43 | 0.240 |
x3 | 1 | 468.9 | 468.9 | 1.90 | 0.176 |
Square | 3 | 9986.9 | 3329.0 | 13.47 | 0.000 |
x1*x1 | 1 | 3557.1 | 3557.1 | 14.39 | 0.001 |
x2*x2 | 1 | 1682.2 | 1682.2 | 6.81 | 0.013 |
x3*x3 | 1 | 4069.9 | 4069.9 | 16.47 | 0.000 |
Error | 38 | 9391.8 | 247.2 | ||
Lack-of-Fit | 6 | 2198.1 | 366.4 | 1.63 | 0.171 |
Pure Error | 32 | 7193.7 | 224.8 | ||
Total | 44 | 21,947.9 |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 6 | 12,281.2 | 2046.9 | 6.91 | 0.000 |
Linear | 3 | 7035.7 | 2345.2 | 7.91 | 0.000 |
x1 | 1 | 1684.4 | 1684.4 | 5.68 | 0.022 |
x2 | 1 | 379.6 | 379.6 | 1.28 | 0.265 |
x3 | 1 | 4971.7 | 4971.7 | 16.78 | 0.000 |
Square | 3 | 5245.4 | 1748.5 | 5.90 | 0.002 |
x1*x1 | 1 | 3453.8 | 3453.8 | 11.66 | 0.002 |
x2*x2 | 1 | 298.5 | 298.5 | 1.01 | 0.322 |
x3*x3 | 1 | 1094.3 | 1094.3 | 3.69 | 0.062 |
Error | 38 | 11,259.9 | 296.3 | ||
Lack-of-Fit | 6 | 2278.0 | 379.7 | 1.35 | 0.263 |
Pure Error | 32 | 8981.9 | 280.7 | ||
Total | 44 | 23,541.1 |
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Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Mo | W | V | P | S |
1.4–1.6 | 0.1–0.6 | 0.1–0.6 | 0.5 | 11.0–13.0 | 0.7–1.2 | 0.2–0.5 | 0.5–1.1 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Control Factor | Unit | Symbol | Level | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | |||
Nanoparticle concentration (np) | wt.% | x1 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
Cutting speed (V) | m/min | x2 | 90 | 110 |
Hardness | HRC | x3 | 52 | 60 |
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Dong, P.Q.; Duc, T.M.; Tuan, N.M.; Long, T.T.; Thanh, D.V.; Truong, N.V. Improvement in the Hard Milling of AISI D2 Steel under the MQCL Condition Using Emulsion-Dispersed MoS2 Nanosheets. Lubricants 2020, 8, 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8060062
Dong PQ, Duc TM, Tuan NM, Long TT, Thanh DV, Truong NV. Improvement in the Hard Milling of AISI D2 Steel under the MQCL Condition Using Emulsion-Dispersed MoS2 Nanosheets. Lubricants. 2020; 8(6):62. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8060062
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Pham Quang, Tran Minh Duc, Ngo Minh Tuan, Tran The Long, Dang Van Thanh, and Nguyen Van Truong. 2020. "Improvement in the Hard Milling of AISI D2 Steel under the MQCL Condition Using Emulsion-Dispersed MoS2 Nanosheets" Lubricants 8, no. 6: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8060062