Health 2050: The Realization of Personalized Medicine through Crowdsourcing, the Quantified Self, and the Participatory Biocitizen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Contemporary Public Health Challenges
1.2. Health 2050
1.3. Preventive Medicine
2. Health 2050: Preventive Medicine
2.1. Greatly Expanded Range of Health Outcomes
2.2. Data Stream Integration Needed for Personal Health Informatics
2.3. Participant-Centric Action-taking
Mental Performance and Cognitive Acuity is the New Health Frontier
2.4. The 80% of a Condition’s Life Cycle While It Is still Pre-Clinical
2.4.1. Concept of Health, Service Providers, Remedy Providers, and Research Conduct
Category | Pre-Clinical (80%) | Clinical (20%) |
---|---|---|
Concept of health | Wellness maintenance, prevention | Illness cure |
Service providers | Wellness: Health advisors, wellness coaches, genomic counselors, prevention specialists | Medical: Public health system |
Remedy providers | Health engagement platforms, health social networks, peer collaborators, supplementation treatments, medical tourism | Pharmaceutical companies |
Research conduct | Crowdsourced studies, health social networks, CRO 2.0 a [18] | Academia |
Financial models | HSA, b out of pocket | Professional payers, insurance |
Privacy and security | Cloud, PHRs c | Physician office, paper files |
Legislative influence | Patient Advocacy Groups | Medical professionals |
Regulation and oversight | Portable consent [19], IRB 2.0 d | Institutional IRB |
2.4.2. Financial Models and Economics
2.4.3. Privacy and Security, Legislative Influence, and Regulation and Oversight
3. The Realization of Health 2050: Preventive Medicine
3.1. Personalized Typing
3.1.1. Genotyping and Haplotype Groups
3.1.2. Enterotyping the Microbiome
3.1.3. Endotyping Asthma
3.2. Participatory Health Efforts
(Light) | Level of Participant Engagement | (Intensive) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Media | Mobile Phone Health Apps | Personal Health Records (PHRs) | Health Social Networks (HSNs) | Consumer Genomics | Crowdsourced Health Studies |
3.2.1. Social Media
3.2.2. Mobile Phone Health Apps
3.2.3. Personal Health Records (PHRs)
3.2.4. Health Social Networks (HSNs)
3.2.5. Consumer Genomics
3.2.6. Crowdsourced Health Studies
3.3. Era of Big Health Data
3.3.1. Search and Social Media Aggregation of Health Information
3.3.2. Using Big Health Data for Preventive Prediction
3.4. Change in Philosophical Mindset and Other Qualitative Shifts
3.4.1. Overview of Participatory Health Communities
3.4.2. Motivations of Crowdsourced Study Participants
3.4.3. Quantified Self Study: Are New Forms of Knowledge Being Generated?
3.4.4. Quantified Self Study Results
3.4.5. Participatory Health Pioneers Are Defining the Preventive Medicine Mindset
3.5. Limitations
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Conflict of Interest
References
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Swan, M. Health 2050: The Realization of Personalized Medicine through Crowdsourcing, the Quantified Self, and the Participatory Biocitizen. J. Pers. Med. 2012, 2, 93-118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2030093
Swan M. Health 2050: The Realization of Personalized Medicine through Crowdsourcing, the Quantified Self, and the Participatory Biocitizen. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2012; 2(3):93-118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2030093
Chicago/Turabian StyleSwan, Melanie. 2012. "Health 2050: The Realization of Personalized Medicine through Crowdsourcing, the Quantified Self, and the Participatory Biocitizen" Journal of Personalized Medicine 2, no. 3: 93-118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2030093