Impact of Tocopherol Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria and Information Sources
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Data Collection and Selection Process
2.4. Data Items
2.5. Risk of Bias and Quality Assessment
2.6. Synthesis Methods
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection and Study Characteristics
3.2. Results of Individual Studies
3.3. Results of Synthesis
4. Discussion
4.1. Assessment of Findings and Additional Literature
4.2. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study and Author | Country | Study Year | Study Design | Quality Assessment |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 [21] Chapple et al. | USA | 2007 | Cross-sectional | Medium |
2 [22] Li et al. | China | 2022 | Cross-sectional | High |
3 [23] Luo et al. | China | 2018 | Cross-sectional | Medium |
4 [24] Hosoda et al. | Japan | 2021 | Cross-sectional | Medium |
5 [25] Watson et al. | United Kingdom | 2022 | Cross-sectional | High |
6 [26] Zong et al. | United Kingdom | 2015 | Retrospective cohort | High |
7 [27] Behfarnia et al. | Iran | 2021 | Clinical trial | High |
8 [28] Iwasaki et al. | Japan | 2011 | Retrospective cohort | Medium |
Study and Author | Number of Participants | Comparison Group | Age (Category/Mean/Median), Years | Gender (Male) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 [21] Chapple et al. | Mild disease: 1567 patients Severe disease: 609 patients | No periodontal disease: 20,784 | Mild disease: 52.2 Severe disease: 56.4 | Mild disease: 61.1% Severe disease: 68.1% |
2 [22] Li et al. | Moderate/Severe periodontitis: 3994 patients | No periodontal disease: 4965 | Mean: 56.7 | 57.9% |
3 [23] Luo et al. | Moderate disease: 2274 patients Severe disease: 676 patients | No periodontal disease: 3465 | Moderate disease: 55.3 Severe disease: 54.5 | Moderate disease: 54.1% Severe disease: 70.4% |
4 [24] Hosoda et al. | PD: 49 patients | Non-PD: 71 patients | PD: 20.3 Non-PD: 20.4 | 0.0% |
5 [25] Watson et al. | High-risk of PD: 1634 patients | Low-risk of PD: 7842 patients | High-risk for PD: 54.7 Low-risk for PD: 56.4 | High-risk for PD: 36.3% Low-risk for PD: 44.1% |
6 [26] Zong et al. | PD: 4708 patients | Quartiles of tocopherol serum levels | Mean: 45.7 | 48.4% |
7 [27] Behfarnia et al. | Vitamin E supplementation: 7 patients (cases) | No supplementation: 7 patients (controls) | Cases: 44.4 Controls: 40.7 | NR |
8 [28] Iwasaki et al. | 224 patients | Tertiles of tocopherol serum levels | 70 years | 48.2% |
Study and Author | Periodontal Disease Assessment | Smoking Status and Diabetes Status | Vitamin E Assessment | Risk Assessment (OR/HR/RR—95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 [21] Chapple et al. | At least one site with both clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm and probing pocket depth of ≥4 mm | Mild disease (smoking): 25.8% Severe disease (smoking): 21.4% Mild disease (diabetes): 12.2% Severe disease (diabetes): 15.3% | Quintile 1: 16.42 μmol/L Quintile 2: 20.06 μmol/L Quintile 3: 23.45 μmol/L Quintile 4: 27.98 μmol/L Quintile 5: 37/48 μmol/L | Sufficient Vitamin E: OR = 0.97 (0.90–1.05) |
2 [22] Li et al. | ≥2 Interproximal sites with a clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ≥4 mm; ≥2 Interproximal sites with a periodontal probing depth of ≥5 mm | Smoking: 17.8% Diabetes: 21.2% | Insufficient Vitamin E: 91.2% with mild and moderate periodontitis | Sufficient Vitamin E: OR = 0.96 (0.95–0.98) |
3 [23] Luo et al. | At least two interproximal sites with PD of at least 5 mm not occurring on the same tooth, or at least two interproximal sites which are not on the same tooth, and which have an AL of at least 4 mm. | Moderate disease (smoking): 29.8% Severe disease (smoking): 27.4% Moderate disease (diabetes): 15.4% Severe disease (diabetes): 13.6% | Severe periodontal disease: Quartile 1 <4.55 mg: 29.5% Quartile 2 4.55–7.09 mg: 23.7% Quartile 3 7.10–11.10 mg: 2.8% Quartile 4 > 11.11 mg: 24.0% | Insufficient Vitamin E: OR = 1.57 (1.22–2.03) |
4 [24] Hosoda et al. | Code 0: healthy periodontal conditions; Code 1: gingival bleeding on probing; Code 2: Calculus and bleeding; Code 3: Periodonal pocket 4–5 mm; Code 5: periodontal pocket >6 mm | Smoking: 0.0% Diabetes: 0.0% | PD: 144 μg/1000 kcal Non-PD: 167 μg/1000 kcal | Sufficient Vitamin E: OR = 0.52 (0.28–0.98) |
5 [25] Watson et al. | Self-reported diagnosis of periodontal disease | Smoking: 6.6% Diabetes: NR | NR | Sufficient Vitamin E: OR = 0.69 |
6 [26] Zong et al. | Mean CAL, mean PPD, and periodontitis were calculated using data collected at mesiobuccal sites for consistency between survey circles, and interproximal sites are more reflective of periodontitis than midbuccal sites. Total periodontitis (TPD) was defined as the sum of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis according to CDC | Smoking: 18.0% Diabetes: 36.0% | Mean levels: 30.7 μmol/L Quartile 1: 20.2 μmol/L; Quartile 2: 24.5 μmol/L; Quartile 3: 29.7 μmol/L; Quartile 4: 48.2 μmol/L | Insufficient Vitamin E (quartile 1 with an average serum tocopherol of 20.2 μmol/L): OR = 1.65 (1.26–2.16) |
7 [27] Behfarnia et al. | The case group received 200 IU supplementary Vitamin E (E-Vigel 200, Dana Pharma Co, Iran) to consume daily up to 2 months. The amount of clinical attachment loss (CAL) between 1 and 5 mm. | Smoking: 0.0% Diabetes: 0.0% | Case group received 200 IU supplementary Vitamin E | Insufficient Vitamin E: OR = 9.33 (4.87–17.89) |
8 [28] Iwasaki et al. | The periodontal condition, measured as CAL (mean CAL at baseline = 3.1). A loss of attachment of 3 mm or greater in 1 year at any site was considered periodontal disease progression | Smoking: 12.5% Diabetes: 6.3% | Mean levels: 12.5 μg/mL | Insufficient Vitamin E (lowest tertile): OR = 1.15 (1.04–1.28) |
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Bumbu, B.A.; Luca, M.M.; Buzatu, R. Impact of Tocopherol Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14101039
Bumbu BA, Luca MM, Buzatu R. Impact of Tocopherol Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(10):1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14101039
Chicago/Turabian StyleBumbu, Bogdan Andrei, Magda Mihaela Luca, and Roxana Buzatu. 2024. "Impact of Tocopherol Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 10: 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14101039
APA StyleBumbu, B. A., Luca, M. M., & Buzatu, R. (2024). Impact of Tocopherol Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(10), 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14101039