Exploring the Clinical Efficacy of Venous Thromboembolism Management in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: An Insight into Patient Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Provoked | Unprovoked | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | |
Frequency | 29 | 92 | 195 | 567 |
Percentage | 24.0 | 76.0 | 25.6 | 74.4 |
Mean age ± SD | 44.7 ± 20.4 | 40.5 ± 16.3 | 43.3 ± 17.5 | 43.0 ± 16.5 |
p-value | 0.103 | 0.592 | 0.241 | 0.765 |
Frequency | Percent | |
---|---|---|
Family History | ||
+ve | 47 | 5.3 |
-ve | 836 | 94.5 |
Patient Hospitalized | ||
Yes | 188 | 21.2 |
No | 695 | 78.7 |
Duration of Hospitalization | ||
≤3 days | 56 | 6.3 |
3–7 days | 77 | 8.7 |
7–10 days | 22 | 2.5 |
≥10 days | 33 | 3.7 |
Disease Outcome | ||
Improved and Discharged | 790 | 89.3 |
Died | 93 | 10.6 |
Admitted to ICU | ||
Yes | 16 | 1.8 |
No | 867 | 98.2 |
Management Strategy | N | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Thrombolytic therapy | 188 | 21.7% | ||
Catheter-directed thrombolysis | 54 | 6.2% | ||
Anticoagulation therapy | Initial and maintenance | 626 | 72.1% | |
Initiation anticoagulation therapy | LMWH-unfractionated heparin | 37 | 5.9% | |
factor Xa inhibitor | 69 | 11% | ||
oral anticoagulants | 167 | 26.9% | ||
LMWH | 175 | 27.9% | ||
combination of two or three therapeutic options | 178 | 28.4% | ||
Maintenance anticoagulation therapy | factor Xa inhibitor | 90 | 14.3% | |
oral anticoagulants | 98 | 15,6% | ||
warfarin | 145 | 23.1% | ||
direct thrombin inhibitor | 62 | 9.9% | ||
combination therapy | 232 | 37.1% |
Follow-Up after Treatment | N | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Duration of treatment | 3 months | 123 | 19.7% |
6 months | 227 | 36.2% | |
12 months | 131 | 20.7% | |
Long-term treatment | 146 | 23.3% | |
Adherence | Did not adhere to treatment | 548 | 87.6% |
Adhered to treatment | 78 | 12.4% | |
Recurrence | 500 | 79.9% |
Independent Variable | Coefficient | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thrombolytic Therapy | −0.47 | 0.62 | (0.41, 0.93) | 0.02 |
Catheter-directed thrombolysis | −0.36 | 0.69 | (0.48, 0.99) | 0.04 |
Anticoagulation Therapy | 0.25 | 1.28 | (1.08, 1.52) | 0.007 |
Oral anticoagulant | 0.51 | 1.67 | (1.12, 2.49) | 0.003 |
Vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) | 0.63 | 1.88 | (1.26, 2.80) | 0.001 |
Factor Xa inhibitor (rivaroxiban) | 0.32 | 1.37 | (0.92, 2.04) | 0.01 |
Direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) | −0.08 | 0.92 | (0.52, 1.63) | 0.05 |
Combination therapy | −0.17 | 0.85 | (0.46, 1.56) | 0.02 |
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Bakhsh, E.; Shaban, M.; Al Subaie, S.; Al Moshary, M.; AlSheef, M. Exploring the Clinical Efficacy of Venous Thromboembolism Management in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: An Insight into Patient Outcomes. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 612. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040612
Bakhsh E, Shaban M, Al Subaie S, Al Moshary M, AlSheef M. Exploring the Clinical Efficacy of Venous Thromboembolism Management in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: An Insight into Patient Outcomes. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(4):612. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040612
Chicago/Turabian StyleBakhsh, Ebtisam, Mostafa Shaban, Sarah Al Subaie, May Al Moshary, and Mohammed AlSheef. 2023. "Exploring the Clinical Efficacy of Venous Thromboembolism Management in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: An Insight into Patient Outcomes" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 4: 612. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040612