Anthropometric Features and Third-Fourth Degree Perineal Tears
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient Characteristics | |
---|---|
Maternal age (years) | 32 (28–35) |
Nulliparity | 51.49% (2779/5397) |
Mother height (cm) | 165 (161–170) |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22 (20–24) |
Feto-maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 1.23 (1.12–1.34) |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39 (39–40) |
Macro-region of origin | |
West Europe/Italy | 73% (3937/5393) |
East Europe | 16.08% (867/5393) |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 3.8% (205/5393) |
Arabian countries | 3.49% (188/5393) |
Asia | 2.48% (134/5393) |
Other | 1.15% (62/5393) |
HDP | 1.45% (76/5240) |
Conception mode | |
Spontaneous | 98.55% (5319/5397) |
Ovulation induction/IUI | 0.43% (23/5397) |
IVF/ICSI | 1.02% (55/5397) |
Labor-induced/augmented | 28.66% (1504/5248) |
Childbirth mode | |
Spontaneous delivery | 89.09% (4808/5397) |
Operative vaginal delivery | 10.91% (589/5397) |
Neonatal characteristics | |
Neonatal male sex | 49.32% (2662/5397) |
1st minute Apgar score | 9 (8–9) |
5th minute Apgar score | 9 (9–9) |
Neonatal weight (grams) | 3375 (3110–3664) |
Neonatal weight (MoM) | 1 (1–1) |
Placental weight (grams) | 580 (510–655) |
Neonatal length (cm) | 50 (49–51) |
Neonatal head circumference (mm) | 345 (335–352) |
SGA (<3rd centile) | 1.74% (94/5397) |
SGA (<10th centile) | 7.93% (428/5397) |
LGA (>90th centile) | 12.47% (673/5397) |
LGA (>97th centile) | 4.98% (269/5397) |
Neonatal CPR | 1.22% (66/5397) |
NICU hospitalization | 1.04% (56/5397) |
Controls (5372) | Perineal Tears Grade 3–4 (25) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | |||
Maternal age (years) | 31.54 (±5.40) | 31.20 (±5.80) | 0.774 |
Nulliparity | 51.34% (2758/5372) | 84.00% (21/25) | <0.05 |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.64 (±3.89) | 21.96 (±2.91) | 0.254 |
Feto-maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 1.23 (±0.17) | 1.29 (±0.15) | <0.05 |
Conception mode | |||
Spontaneous | 98.57% (5295/5372) | 96.00% (24/25) | 0.283 |
Ovulation induction/IUI | 0.43% (23/5372) | 0.00% (0/25) | 0.743 |
IVF/ICSI | 1.01% (54/5372) | 4.00% (1/25) | 0.137 |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.00 (39.00–40.00) | 40.00 (39.00–41.00) | 0.071 |
Macro-region of origin | |||
West Europe/Italy | 73.03% (3921/5369) | 66.67% (16/24) | 0.492 |
East Europe | 16.07% (863/5369) | 16.67% (4/24) | 1.000 |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 3.78% (203/5369) | 8.33% (2/24) | 0.231 |
Arabian countries | 3.48% (187/5369) | 4.17% (1/24) | 0.574 |
Asia | 2.48% (133/5369) | 4.17% (1/24) | 0.454 |
Other | 1.15% (62/5369) | 0.00% (0/24) | 1.000 |
HDP | 1.41% (76/5372) | 0.00% (0/25) | 1.000 |
Labor induction/augmentation | 28.61% (1495/5225) | 39.13% (9/23) | 0.266 |
Vaginal operative delivery | 10.87% (584/5372) | 20.00% (5/25) | 0.144 |
Neonatal characteristics | |||
Neonatal male sex | 49.26% (2646/5372) | 64.00% (16/25) | 0.141 |
1st minute Apgar score | 9.00 (8.00–9.00) | 9.00 (8.00–9.00) | 0.658 |
5th minute Apgar score | 9.00 (9.00–9.00) | 9.00 (9.00–10.00) | 0.387 |
Neonatal weight (grams) | 3375.00 (3106.00–3664.25) | 3515.00 (3380.00–3650.00) | 0.072 |
Neonatal weight (MoM) | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 0.383 |
Placental weight (grams) | 580.00 (510.00–655.00) | 600.00 (535.00–641.00) | 0.642 |
Neonatal length (cm) | 50.00 (49.00–51.00) | 50.00 (50.00–51.00) | 0.539 |
Neonatal head circumference (mm) | 345.00 (335.00–352.00) | 349.00 (343.00–350.00) | 0.107 |
SGA (<3rd centile) | 1.75% (94/5372) | 0.00% (0/25) | 1.000 |
SGA (<10th centile) | 7.97% (428/5372) | 0.00% (0/25) | 0.258 |
LGA (>90th centile) | 12.49% (671/5372) | 8.00% (2/25) | 0.761 |
LGA (>97th centile) | 4.97% (267/5372) | 8.00% (2/25) | 0.356 |
Neonatal CPR | 1.21% (65/5372) | 4.00% (1/25) | 0.265 |
NICU hospitalization | 1.02% (55/5372) | 4.00% (1/25) | 0.230 |
OR (CI.95) | p | AUC (CI.95) | |
---|---|---|---|
Nulliparity | 4.98 (1.71–14.52) | <0.05 | 66.33% (58.97–73.69) |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.31 (0.54–9.91) | 0.258 | 52.28% (46.62–57.93) |
Mother height (cm) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.618 | 46.49% (35.31–57.67) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 0.380 | 53.57% (42.83–64.31) |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.279 | 55.59% (45.88–65.31) |
Feto-maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 5.37 (1.09–26.42) | <0.05 | 60.72% (50.64–70.81) |
Neonatal weight (grams) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.092 | 60.42% (51.73–69.11) |
LGA (>97th centile) | 1.77 (0.41–7.58) | 0.443 | 51.79% (45.90–57.69) |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 1.39 (0.96–2.03) | 0.084 | 60.12% (48.23–72.00) |
Neonatal head circumference (mm) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.106 | 59.31% (49.54–69.07) |
Vaginal operative delivery | 2.05 (0.77–5.48) | 0.153 | 54.56% (46.55–62.58) |
Multivariate model (*) | 73.54% (65.65–81.42) | ||
Nulliparity | 6.05 (2.00–18.35) | <0.05 | |
Feto-maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 10.36 (2.12–50.6) | <0.05 |
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Fruscalzo, A.; Novak, A.; Somma, C.; Xholli, A.; Michelerio, V.; Prefumo, F.; Londero, A.P.; Cagnacci, A. Anthropometric Features and Third-Fourth Degree Perineal Tears. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030545
Fruscalzo A, Novak A, Somma C, Xholli A, Michelerio V, Prefumo F, Londero AP, Cagnacci A. Anthropometric Features and Third-Fourth Degree Perineal Tears. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(3):545. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030545
Chicago/Turabian StyleFruscalzo, Arrigo, Alice Novak, Camilla Somma, Anjeza Xholli, Virginia Michelerio, Federico Prefumo, Ambrogio P. Londero, and Angelo Cagnacci. 2023. "Anthropometric Features and Third-Fourth Degree Perineal Tears" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 3: 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030545