Individual Differences in Emotion Dysregulation and Social Anxiety Discriminate between High vs. Low Quality of Life in Patients with Mild Psoriasis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Madhulika, A.; Gupta, M. Psychodermatology. Psychiatr. Times 2006, 23, 78–89. [Google Scholar]
- Thompson, A. Psychosocial impact of skin conditions. Dermatol. Nurs. 2009, 8, 43–48. [Google Scholar]
- Dalgard, F.J.; Gieler, U.; Tomas-Aragones, L.; Lien, L.; Poot, F.; Jemec, G.B.E.; Misery, L.; Szabo, C.; Linder, D.; Sampogna, F.; et al. The psychological burden of skin diseases: A cross-sectional multicenter study among dermatological out-patients in 13 European countries. J. Investig. Dermatol. 2015, 135, 984–991. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- World Health Organisation. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data; Global Report on Psoriasis: Geneva, Switzerland, 2016; ISBN 978 92 4 156518 9. [Google Scholar]
- Almeida, V.; Taveira, S.; Teixeira, M.; Almeida, I.; Rocha, J.; Teixeira, A. Emotion Regulation in Patients with Psoriasis: Correlates of Disability, Clinical Dimensions, and Psychopathology Symptoms. Int. J. Behav. Med. 2017, 24, 563–570. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ciuluvica, C.; Fulcheri, M.; Amerio, P. Expressive Suppression and Negative Affect, Pathways of Emotional Dysregulation in Psoriasis Patients. Front. Psychol. 2019, 10, 1907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Fino, E.; Mazzetti, M.; Russo, P.M. Psoriasis-related stigma and its intersection with intergroup bias in medical students. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2021, 84, 1432–1434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Łakuta, P.; Marcinkiewicz, K.; Bergler-Czop, B.; Brzezińska-Wcisło, L.; Słomian, A. Associations between site of skin lesions and depression, social anxiety, body-related emotions and feelings of stigmatization in psoriasis patients. Adv. Dermatol. Allergol. 2018, 35, 60–66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chessa, M.; Fino, E.; Starace, M.; Alessandrini, A.M.; Richert, B.; Dika, E.I.; Mazzetti, M.; Piraccini, B.M. Nail surgery: The effect of clinical and psychological characteristics on post-surgical quality of life and pain severity. Eur. J. Dermatol. in press.
- Leary, M.R.; Rapp, S.R.; Herbst, K.C.; Exum, M.L.; Feldman, S.R. Interpersonal concerns and psychological difficulties of psoriasis patients: Effects of disease severity and fear of negative evaluation. Health Psychol. 1998, 17, 530–536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Obradors, M.; Blanch, C.; Comellas, M.; Figueras, M.; Lizan, L. Health-related quality of life in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review of the European literature. Qual. Life Res. 2016, 25, 2739–2754. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Møller, A.H.; Erntoft, S.; Vinding, G.R.; Jemec, G.B.E. A systematic literature review to compare quality of life in psoriasis with other chronic diseases using EQ-5D-derived utility values. Patient Relat. Outcome Meas. 2015, 6, 167–177. [Google Scholar]
- Staquet, M.J.; Hays, R.D.; Fayers, P.M. (Eds.) Understanding and using health-related quality of life instruments within clinical research studies. In Quality of Life Assessment in Clinical Trials: Methods and Practice; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 1998. [Google Scholar]
- Russo, P.; Fino, E.; Mancini, C.; Mazzetti, M.; Starace, M.; Piraccini, B. HrQoL in hair loss affected patients with Alopecia Areata, Androgenetic Alopecia and Telogen Effluvium: The role of personality traits and psychosocial anxiety. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2019, 33, 608–611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Langley, R.G.; Ellis, C.N. Evaluating psoriasis with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Psoriasis Global Assessment, and Lattice System Physician’s Global Assessment. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2004, 51, 563–569. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Finlay, A.Y.; Khan, G.K. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)—A simple practical measure for routine clinical use. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 1994, 19, 210–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Naegli, A.; Zhu, B.; Gaich, C.; Heredia, E.; Song, G. The Psoriasis Skin Appearance Bothersomeness (PSAB) measure for patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2014, 70, AB191. [Google Scholar]
- Gratz, K.L.; Roemer, L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 2004, 26, 41–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kupper, N.; Denollet, J. Social anxiety in the general population: Introducing abbreviated versions of SIAS and SPS. J. Affect. Disord. 2011, 136, 90–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Garofalo, C.; Neumann, C.S.; Kosson, D.S.; Velotti, P. Psychopathy and emotion dysregulation: More than meets the eye. Psychiatry Res. 2020, 290, 113160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sica, C.; Musoni, I.; Chiri, L.R.; Bisi, B.; Lolli, V.; Sighinolfi, C. Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS): Their psychometric properties on Italian population. Boll. Psicol. Sociol. Appl. 2007, 252, 59–71. [Google Scholar]
- Vena, G.A.; Altomare, G.; Ayala, F.; Berardesca, E.; Calzavara-Pinton, P.; Chimenti, S.; Giannetti, A.; Girolomoni, G.; Lotti, T.; Martini, P.; et al. Incidence of psoriasis and association with comorbidities in Italy: A 5-year observational study from a national primary care database. Eur. J. Dermatol. 2010, 20, 593–598. [Google Scholar]
- Fino, E.; Di Campli, S.; Patrignani, G.; Mazzetti, M. The Modulating Role of Gender and Aggression in Emotional Reactions of Nursing Students: A Cross sectional Study. J. Adv. Nurs. 2019, 75, 1462–1472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Maul, J.T.; Navarini, A.A.; Sommer, R.; Anzengruber, F.; Sorbe, C.; Mrowietz, U.; Drach, M.; Blome, C.; Boehncke, W.-H.; Thaci, D.; et al. Gender and age significantly determine patient needs and treatment goals in psoriasis—A lesson for practice. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2019, 3, 700–708. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Fordham, B.A.; Nelson, P.; Griffiths, C.E.; Bundy, C. The acceptability and usefulness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people living with psoriasis: A qualitative study. Br. J. Dermatol. 2015, 172, 823–825. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Patient Characteristics | Total (n = 130) | Female (n = 58) | Male (n = 72) |
---|---|---|---|
N (%), Mean (SD) | |||
Age | 46 (14.1) | 42.38 (13.8) | 48.93 (13.5) |
Age onset | 25.83 (13.8) | 22.41 (2.2) | 28.48 (14.4) |
Years diagnosed | 20.40 (11.8) | 20.52 (13.1) | 20.30 (10.8) |
Body Surface Area (BSA) | |||
Head | 30 (23.1) | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) |
Torso | 61 (46.9) | 25 (41.0) | 36 (59.0) |
Upper limbs | 64 (49.2) | 25 (39.1) | 39 (60.9) |
Lower limbs | 54 (41.5) | 32 (59.3) | 32 (40.7) |
Psoriasis in family | 52 (40.0) | 26 (50.0) | 26 (50.0) |
Arthropathic psoriasis | 23 (17.6) | 12 (52.2) | 11 (47.8) |
Actual treatment | |||
Topic therapy | 81 (62.3) | 40 (49.4) | 41 (50.6) |
Foto therapy | 5 (3.8) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) |
Traditional therapy | 25 (19.2) | 11 (44.0) | 14 (56.0) |
Biological therapy | 84 (64.6) | 34 (40.5) | 50 (59.5) |
Illness severity (PASI) * | 5.51 (6.1) | 6.41 (6.7) | 4.79 (2.9) |
Mild (<10) | 110 (84.6) | 47 (42.7) | 63 (57.3) |
Moderate (10–20) | 17 (13.1) | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) |
High (>20) | 3 (2.3) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.6) |
Subjectively perceived Illness Severity (PSAB) | 21.1 (8.4) | 23.5 (7.3) | 19.1 (8.7) |
Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI) | 9.39 (10.8) | 11.07 (10.6) | 8.09 (10.9) |
Low (<5) | 64 (49.2) | 22 (34.4) | 42 (65.6) |
Moderate (6–10) | 17 (13.1) | 10 (58.8) | 7 (41.2) |
High (>10 < 20) | 18 (13.8) | 9 (50.0) | 9 (50.0) |
Very high (>20) | 27 (20.7) | 14 (51.9) | 13 (48.1) |
Social anxiety (SIAS) | 21.50 (10.4) | 22.92 (11.1) | 20.04 (9.7) |
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 84.69 (22.3) | 86.37 (21.8) | 82.95 (22.5) |
PASI | BSA Head | BSA Torso | BSA Upper Limbs | BSA Lower Limbs | PSAB | DLQI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 0.02 | 0.278 ** | 0.028 | 00.037 | 0.157 | 0.31 ** | 0.46 ** |
Nonacceptance (DERS) | 0.07 | 0.091 | 0.000 | 0.095 | 0.168 | 0.34 ** | 0.41 ** |
Goals (DERS) | −0.01 | 0.071 | −0.080 | 0.037 | 0.210 * | 0.29 ** | 0.33 ** |
Awareness (DERS) | 0.23 * | 0.196 * | 0.078 | −0.155 | −0.151 | −0.18 | 0.06 |
Strategies (DERS) | 0.04 | 0.343 ** | 0.033 | 0.086 | 0.200 * | 0.39 ** | 0.47 ** |
Clarity (DERS) | 0.07 | 0.215 * | 0.023 | −0.027 | −0.016 | 0.13 | 0.27 ** |
Impulse (DERS) | 0.03 | 0.194 * | 0.090 | 0.064 | 0.189 * | 0.27 ** | 0.42 ** |
Social Anxiety (SIAS) | 0.00 | 0.034 | 0.033 | −0.044 | 0.026 | 0.25 * | 0.29 ** |
Normative Values | Total Sample (n = 110) | High HRQoL (n = 53) | Low HRQoL (n = 44) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 73.2 (17.0) ab | 84.5 (22.2) a | 73.23 (17.4) c | 96.5 (21.0) bc |
Nonacceptance (DERS) | 12.1 (4.4) ab | 14.2 (5.2) a | 12.1 (4.4) c | 16.5 (5.0) bc |
Goals (DERS) | 12.4 (4.0) ab | 12.6 (4.5) | 11.1 (3.7) ac | 14.6 (4.7) abc |
Awareness (DERS) | 13.7 (3.6) abc | 16.3 (5.0) a | 15.7 (5.3) b | 16.5 (4.9) c |
Strategies (DERS) | 14.6 (5.1) abc | 17.4 (7.1) a | 13.1 (4.5) bd | 21.6 (7.9) cd |
Clarity (DERS) | 9.1 (3.0) abc | 11.4 (3.8) a | 10.1 (3.4) bd | 12.5 (3.8) cd |
Impulse (DERS) | 11.1 (3.9) ab | 12.5 (4.9) a | 10.5 (3.4) c | 14.9 (5.1) bc |
Social Anxiety (SIAS) | 17.0 (8.2) ab | 21.3 (10.4) a | 18.7 (9.1) c | 24.5 (11.4) bc |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Fino, E.; Russo, P.M.; Tengattini, V.; Bardazzi, F.; Patrizi, A.; Martoni, M. Individual Differences in Emotion Dysregulation and Social Anxiety Discriminate between High vs. Low Quality of Life in Patients with Mild Psoriasis. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111236
Fino E, Russo PM, Tengattini V, Bardazzi F, Patrizi A, Martoni M. Individual Differences in Emotion Dysregulation and Social Anxiety Discriminate between High vs. Low Quality of Life in Patients with Mild Psoriasis. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11(11):1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111236
Chicago/Turabian StyleFino, Edita, Paolo Maria Russo, Vera Tengattini, Federico Bardazzi, Annalisa Patrizi, and Monica Martoni. 2021. "Individual Differences in Emotion Dysregulation and Social Anxiety Discriminate between High vs. Low Quality of Life in Patients with Mild Psoriasis" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 11: 1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111236