Pelvic Floor Health and Urinary Incontinence in Female Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis Between Professionals and Physically Active Women: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Protocol
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Soccer Players Group (n = 18) | Active Women Group (n = 14) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Data | Mean ± SD | 95% CI | Mean ± SD | 95% CI | p-Value |
Age (years) | 26 ± 5.6 | (23.1–28.7) | 30.6 ± 5.00 | (27.7–30.6) | ≤0.05 |
Weight (kg) | 62.2 ± 6.5 | (58.9–65.4) | 64.7 ± 9.2 | (59.4–70) | 0.37 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.1 | (21.1–23.2) | 23.9 ± 3.7 | (21.8–26) | 0.11 |
BFM (%) | 12.2 ± 3.1 | (10.7–13.7) | 17.0 ± 8.6 | (12–22) | 0.1 |
Training session (per week) | 6.1 ± 0.5 | (5.9–6.4) | 3.29 ± 1.3 | (2.5–4.1) | ≤0.001 |
Minutes per week | 550 | - | 296.1 | - | - |
Variables | Soccer Players Group (n = 18) | Active Women Group (n = 14) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICIQ-Questionnaire | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
ICIQ-SF Value | 2.4 ± 3.0 | 3.0 ± 5.2 | 0.70 | ||
n | % | n | % | % Total (n = 32) | |
UI prevalence | 9 | 50 | 5 | 35.7 | 43.8 |
ICIQ-SF UI Severity | n | % | n | % | % Total (n = 32) |
Mild UI (1–5 points) | 7 | 77.8 | 1 | 20.0 | 25.0 |
Moderate UI (6–12 points) | 2 | 22.3 | 3 | 60.0 | 15.6 |
Severe UI (13–18 points) | - | - | 1 | 20.0 | 3.1 |
Very severe UI (up to 18 points) | - | - | - | - | - |
UI type | n | % | n | % | % Total (n = 32) |
SUI | 9 | 100 | 3 | 60.0 | 37.5 |
UUI | - | - | 1 | 20.0 | 3.1 |
MUI | - | - | 1 | 20.0 | 3.1 |
Variables | Soccer Players Group (n = 18) | Active Women Group (n = 14) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Transverso contraction | 0.96 | ||||
yes | 14 | 77.8% | 11 | 78.6% | |
no | 4 | 22.2% | 3 | 21.4% | |
PFM contraction | 0.96 | ||||
yes | 14 | 77.8% | 11 | 78.6% | |
no | 4 | 22.2% | 3 | 21.4% | |
Endurance +15″ | 0.46 | ||||
yes | 6 | 33.3% | 3 | 21.4% | |
no | 12 | 66.7% | 11 | 78.6% | |
Relaxation Capacity | 0.85 | ||||
yes | 11 | 61.1% | 9 | 64.3% | |
no | 7 | 38.9% | 5 | 35.7% | |
Involuntary PFM contraction | 0.37 | ||||
yes | 1 | 3.1% | 0 | - | |
no | 17 | 96.9% | 14 | 100% | |
KNACK | 0.2 | ||||
yes | 5 | 27.8% | 7 | 50% | |
no | 13 | 72.2% | 7 | 50% | |
Fast contraction 60″ | 0.69 | ||||
yes | 9 | 50% | 8 | 57.1% | |
no | 9 | 50% | 6 | 42.9% | |
Dynamical voluntary contractions 20″ (repetitions) | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | 0.37 | ||
7.4 ± 5.9 | 9.4 ± 6.3 | ||||
PFM pressure generated (cmH2O) | mean ± SD | mean ± SD | 0.96 | ||
1.0 ± 1.4 | 1.5 ± 1.1 |
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Sebastian-Rico, J.M.; Muñoz-Fernández, M.J.; Martínez-Aranda, L.M.; Calvo-Lluch, Á.; Ortega-Becerra, M. Pelvic Floor Health and Urinary Incontinence in Female Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis Between Professionals and Physically Active Women: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Protocol. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151881
Sebastian-Rico JM, Muñoz-Fernández MJ, Martínez-Aranda LM, Calvo-Lluch Á, Ortega-Becerra M. Pelvic Floor Health and Urinary Incontinence in Female Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis Between Professionals and Physically Active Women: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Protocol. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(15):1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151881
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian-Rico, Julia M., María Jesús Muñoz-Fernández, Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda, África Calvo-Lluch, and Manuel Ortega-Becerra. 2025. "Pelvic Floor Health and Urinary Incontinence in Female Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis Between Professionals and Physically Active Women: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Protocol" Diagnostics 15, no. 15: 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151881
APA StyleSebastian-Rico, J. M., Muñoz-Fernández, M. J., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., Calvo-Lluch, Á., & Ortega-Becerra, M. (2025). Pelvic Floor Health and Urinary Incontinence in Female Soccer Players: A Comparative Analysis Between Professionals and Physically Active Women: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Protocol. Diagnostics, 15(15), 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151881