Airway Epithelium: A Neglected but Crucial Cell Type in Asthma Pathobiology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Need to Change the Existing Concepts of Asthma Pathogenesis (Figure 1)
3. Barrier Function of Airway Epithelium
3.1. Importance of Epithelial Barrier in Maintaining Homeostasis
3.2. Anatomical Barrier Role of Airway Epithelium (Figure 2)
3.3. Chemical Barrier Role of Airway Epithelium
3.4. Physiological Barrier in Airway
3.5. Special Cellular Machinery in Airway Epithelial Barrier
3.6. Barrier Function of Airway Epithelium against Air Pollutants and Pathogens
4. The Victim Role of Airway Epithelium in Asthma Pathogenesis
4.1. Role of Th2 Cytokines in Airway Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction
4.2. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Asthmatic Airway Epithelium
5. Governing/Immune Role of Airway Epithelium in Allergic Airway Inflammation
5.1. Less Dominant Role of Inflammation in Causing Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction
5.2. Less Dominant Role of Inflammation in Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Airway Epithelia
5.3. Airway Epithelium Induces ILC2-Mediated Type 2 Immune Response through Alarmins (Figure 3)
5.3.1. TSLP
5.3.2. IL-33
5.3.3. IL-25
5.3.4. Discovery of ILC2 and Its Role in Asthma
5.3.5. Determinant Role of Airway Epithelium in Mounting the Type of Immune Response
5.3.6. Airway Epithelium as a Target for Innovative Treatments in Asthma
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Singh, S.; Dutta, J.; Ray, A.; Karmakar, A.; Mabalirajan, U. Airway Epithelium: A Neglected but Crucial Cell Type in Asthma Pathobiology. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040808
Singh S, Dutta J, Ray A, Karmakar A, Mabalirajan U. Airway Epithelium: A Neglected but Crucial Cell Type in Asthma Pathobiology. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(4):808. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040808
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingh, Sabita, Joytri Dutta, Archita Ray, Atmaja Karmakar, and Ulaganathan Mabalirajan. 2023. "Airway Epithelium: A Neglected but Crucial Cell Type in Asthma Pathobiology" Diagnostics 13, no. 4: 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040808