Detection of Plasmodium falciparum in Saliva and Stool Samples from Children Living in Franceville, a Highly Endemic Region of Gabon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Malaria Diagnosis
2.3. Saliva and Stool Collection
DNA Extraction
2.4. GAPDH qPCR Amplification
2.5. Nested qPCR Targeting STEVOR Gene
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primers | |
---|---|
P5 | 5′-GGG AAT TCT TTA TTT GAT GAA GAT G-3′ |
P17 | 5′-ACA TTA TCA TAA TGA (C/T)CC AGA ACT-3′ |
P18 | 5′-TTT CA(C/T) CAC CAA ACA TTT CTT-3′ |
P19 | 5′-AAT CCA CAT TAT CAC AAT GA-3′ |
P20 | 5′-CCG ATT TTA ACA TAA TAT GA-3′ |
P24 | 5′-GTT TGC AAT AAT TCT TTT TCT AGC-3′ |
Value Parameter | |
---|---|
N (number) | 367 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | |
| 8.81 (2.12) |
| 9.03 [8.20–10.3] |
White blood cells (×103/µL) | |
| 5.80 (3.65) |
| 4.90 [4.05–5.65] |
Red blood cells (×103/µL) | |
| 3.86 (0.69) |
| 3.78 [3.54–4.44] |
Platelets (×103/µL) | |
| 185 (107) |
| 162 [100–254] |
Number | Sensibility [95%CI] | |
---|---|---|
qPCR-based assay for blood | ||
Negative | 0 | 100% |
Positive | 35 | |
qPCR-based assay for saliva | ||
Negative | 27 | 22.86% [12.07–39.02] |
Positive | 8 | |
qPCR-based assay for stools | ||
Negative | 21 | 14.29% [6.26–41.59] |
Positive | 5 |
Parasitaemia/µL | n | Nested qPCR Assay Characteristics | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
True Positive | False Negative | Sensitivity (in %) | |||||
Saliva, n (%) | Stool, n (%) | Saliva, n (%) | Stool, n (%) | Saliva | Stool | ||
<1000 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 60 | 0 |
1000–10,000 | 15 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 12 | 13.33 | 20 |
10,001–50,000 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 20 | 10 |
50,001–100,000 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 33.33 | 0 |
>100,000 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 50 |
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Imboumy-Limoukou, R.K.; Biteghe-Bi-Essone, J.-C.; Lendongo Wombo, J.B.; Lekana-Douki, S.E.; Rougeron, V.; Ontoua, S.-S.; Oyegue-Liabagui, L.S.; Mbani Mpega Ntigui, C.N.; Kouna, L.C.; Lekana-Douki, J.-B. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum in Saliva and Stool Samples from Children Living in Franceville, a Highly Endemic Region of Gabon. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3271. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13203271
Imboumy-Limoukou RK, Biteghe-Bi-Essone J-C, Lendongo Wombo JB, Lekana-Douki SE, Rougeron V, Ontoua S-S, Oyegue-Liabagui LS, Mbani Mpega Ntigui CN, Kouna LC, Lekana-Douki J-B. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum in Saliva and Stool Samples from Children Living in Franceville, a Highly Endemic Region of Gabon. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(20):3271. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13203271
Chicago/Turabian StyleImboumy-Limoukou, Roméo Karl, Jean-Claude Biteghe-Bi-Essone, Judicael Boris Lendongo Wombo, Sonia Etenna Lekana-Douki, Virginie Rougeron, Steede-Seinnat Ontoua, Lydie Sandrine Oyegue-Liabagui, Cherone Nancy Mbani Mpega Ntigui, Lady Charlène Kouna, and Jean-Bernard Lekana-Douki. 2023. "Detection of Plasmodium falciparum in Saliva and Stool Samples from Children Living in Franceville, a Highly Endemic Region of Gabon" Diagnostics 13, no. 20: 3271. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13203271