Clinical Outcomes between P1 and P0 Lesions for Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Negative Computed Tomography and Capsule Endoscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. Capsule Endoscopy and Abdominal CT Procedures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Capsule Endoscopy-Related Data
3.3. Rebleeding Analysis
3.4. Rebleeding Risk Factors Analysis
3.5. Clinical Outcome and Treatment of Rebleeding Patients
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N = 84 |
---|---|
Age, years | 57.9 ± 19.9 |
Old age (>65 years) | 30 (35.7) |
Male gender | 49 (58.3) |
Type of first bleeding | |
Overt | 67 (79.8) |
Occult | 17 (20.2) |
CCI | 1.14 ± 1.68 |
DM | 9 (10.7) |
CVD | 35 (41.7) |
LC | 5 (6.0) |
ESRD | 4 (4.8) |
CVA | 3 (3.6) |
Medication at the first bleeding | |
NSAIDs use | 12 (14.3) |
Aspirin use | 10 (11.9) |
Clopidogrel/cilostazol use | 3 (3.6)/1 (1.2) |
DOAC use | 2 (2.4) |
Warfarin use | 2 (2.4) |
Lowest Hb level at the first bleeding (g/dL) | 8.6 ± 2.6 |
pRBC transfusion, pints | 1.1 ± 1.9 |
Follow-up duration, months | 35.9 ± 40.2 |
Variable | N = 84 |
---|---|
Type of CE | |
PillCam (SB1) | 8 (9.5) |
PillCam (SB2) | 31 (36.9) |
PillCam (SB3) | 34 (40.5) |
MiroCam | 11 (13.1) |
Acceptable quality of images, n (%) | 64 (76.2) |
Arrival at cecum, n (%) | 72 (85.7) |
Transit time, mean, min | 277.84 ± 208.31 |
Results of CE | |
P1 | 46 (54.8) |
Red spot(s) or small isolated angioectasia | 22 (47.8) |
Small isolated erosion | 18 (39.1) |
Red spot(s) or small isolated angioectasia + small isolated erosion | 6 (13.0) |
P0 | 38 (45.2) |
Variable | P0 (N = 38) | P1 (N = 46) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 56.8 ± 23.2 | 58.8 ± 17.1 | 0.665 |
Old age (>65 years) | 14 (36.8) | 16 (34.8) | >0.999 |
Male gender | 20 (52.6) | 29 (63.0) | 0.379 |
Type of first bleeding | |||
Overt | 29 (76.3) | 38 (82.6) | 0.588 |
Occult | 9 (23.7) | 8 (17.4) | |
CCI | 0.89 ± 1.33 | 1.34 ± 1.91 | 0.206 |
DM | 6 (15.8) | 3 (6.5) | 0.288 |
CVD | 16 (42.1) | 19 (41.3) | >0.999 |
LC | 2 (5.3) | 3 (6.5) | >0.999 |
ESRD | 0 | 4 (8.7) | 0.123 |
CVA | 1 (2.6) | 2 (4.3) | >0.999 |
Medication at the first bleeding | 9 (23.7) | 14 (30.4) | 0.624 |
NSAIDs use | 5 (13.2) | 7 (15.2) | >0.999 |
Aspirin use | 1 (2.6) | 9 (19.6) | 0.020 |
Clopidogrel/cilostazol use | 0 | 4 (8.7) | 0.123 |
DOAC use | 2 (5.3) | 0 | 0.202 |
Warfarin use | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.2) | >0.999 |
Lowest Hb level at the first bleeding | 8.7 ± 3.0 | 8.5 ± 2.3 | 0.694 |
pRBC transfusion, pints | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 1.3 ± 2.3 | 0.413 |
Rebleeding | 7 (18.4) | 8 (17.4) | >0.999 |
Time interval between the first episode and rebleeding | 11.4 ± 7.6 | 42.3 ± 42.0 | 0.078 |
Follow-up duration, months | 36.2 ± 39.8 | 35.6 ± 41.1 | 0.942 |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
P0 group | ||||
Old age >65 years | 11.244 (1.349–93.699) | 0.025 | ||
Aspirin use | 31.937 (1.995–511.293) | 0.014 | ||
Initial Hb <8 g/dL | 6.707 (0.800–56.216) | 0.079 | ||
Reuse of bleeding-related drugs | 6.655 (1.078–41.091) | 0.041 | ||
P1 group | ||||
CCI | 1.775 (1.239–2.542) | 0.002 | 2.019 (1.158–3.519) | 0.013 |
LC | 6.058 (1.095–33.525) | 0.039 | ||
Initial Hb <8 g/dL | 12.121 (1.483–99.082) | 0.020 | 15.085 (1.182–192.514) | 0.037 |
pRBC transfusion (>2 pints) | 6.215 (0.992–38.937) | 0.051 |
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Cho, Y.K.; Park, H.; Moon, J.R.; Jeon, S.R.; Kim, H.G.; Lee, T.H.; Park, J.; Kim, J.-O.; Lee, J.S.; Goong, H.J.; et al. Clinical Outcomes between P1 and P0 Lesions for Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Negative Computed Tomography and Capsule Endoscopy. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040657
Cho YK, Park H, Moon JR, Jeon SR, Kim HG, Lee TH, Park J, Kim J-O, Lee JS, Goong HJ, et al. Clinical Outcomes between P1 and P0 Lesions for Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Negative Computed Tomography and Capsule Endoscopy. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(4):657. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040657
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Young Kyu, Heesu Park, Jung Rock Moon, Seong Ran Jeon, Hyun Gun Kim, Tae Hee Lee, Junseok Park, Jin-Oh Kim, Joon Seong Lee, Hyeon Jeong Goong, and et al. 2021. "Clinical Outcomes between P1 and P0 Lesions for Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Negative Computed Tomography and Capsule Endoscopy" Diagnostics 11, no. 4: 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040657
APA StyleCho, Y. K., Park, H., Moon, J. R., Jeon, S. R., Kim, H. G., Lee, T. H., Park, J., Kim, J.-O., Lee, J. S., Goong, H. J., Ko, B. M., & Park, S. (2021). Clinical Outcomes between P1 and P0 Lesions for Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Negative Computed Tomography and Capsule Endoscopy. Diagnostics, 11(4), 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040657