Spondylodiscitis Caused by Aspergillus Species
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Gamaletsou, M.N.; Rammaert, B.; Bueno, M.A.; Moriyama, B.; Sipsas, N.V.; Kontoyiannis, D.P.; Roilides, E.; Zeller, V.; Prinapori, R.; Taj-Aldeen, S.J.; et al. Aspergillus osteomyelitis: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, management, and outcome. J. Infect. 2014, 68, 478–493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lyons, M.K.; Neal, M.T.; Patel, N.P.; Vikram, H.R. Progressive Back Pain due to Aspergillus nidulans Vertebral Osteomyelitis in an Immunocompetent Patient: Surgical and Antifungal Management. Case Rep. Orthop. 2019, 2019, 1–4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Perna, A.; Ricciardi, L.; Fantoni, M.; Taccari, F.; Torelli, R.; Santagada, D.A.; Fumo, C.; Tamburrelli, F.C.; Proietti, L. Spontaneous Vertebral Aspergillosis, the State of art: A Systematic Literature Review. Neurospine 2020, 18, 23–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shaw, F.W.; Warthen, H.J. ASPERGILLOSIS OF BONE. South. Med. J. 1936, 29, 1070–1071. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cawley, E.P. Aspergillosis and the Aspergilli. Arch. Intern. Med. 1947, 80, 423–434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- E Wybel, R. Mycosis of cervical spinal cord following intrathecal penicillin therapy; report of a case simulating cord tumor. A.M.A. Arch. Pathol. 1952, 53, 167–173. [Google Scholar]
- Redmond, A.; Carré, I.J.; Biggart, J.D.; Mackenzie, D.W.R. Aspergillosis (Aspergillus nidulans) involving bone. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 1965, 89, 391–395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wolfson, J.J.; Kane, W.J.; Laxdal, S.D.; A Good, R.; Quie, P.G. Bone findings in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. A genetic abnormality of leukocyte function. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol. 1969, 51, 1573–1583. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Seres, J.L.; Ono, H.; Benner, E.J. Anspergillosis presenting as spinal cord compression. J. Neurosurg. 1972, 36, 221–224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grossman, M. Aspergillosis of bone. Br. J. Radiol. 1975, 48, 57–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rassa, M. Vertebral aspergillosis with preservation of the disc. Br. J. Radiol. 1977, 50, 918–920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Seligsohn, R.; Rippon, J.W.; A Lerner, S. Aspergillus terreus osteomyelitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 1977, 137, 918–920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ingwer, I.; McLeish, K.R.; Tight, R.R.; White, A.C. Aspergillus fumigatus epidural abscess in a renal transplant recipient. Arch. Intern. Med. 1978, 138, 153–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Convent, L.; Van De Mierop, L.; Blijweert, D. A case of vertebral aspergillosis. Acta Orthop. Belg. 1979, 45, 141–150. [Google Scholar]
- Roselle, A.G.; Baird, I.M. Aspergillus flavipes group osteomyelitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 1979, 139, 590–592. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kingsley, D.P.E.; White, E.; Marks, A.; Coxon, A. Intradural extramedullary aspergilloma complicating chronic lymphatic leukaemia. Br. J. Radiol. 1979, 52, 916–917. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dietz, R.; Huber, G.; Thetter, O.; Volkmer, I. Aspergillosis of the lung with osteoclasis and paraplegia. Neuroradiology 1982, 23, 219–221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Glotzbach, R.E. Aspergillus terreus Infection of Pseudoaneurysm of Aortofemoral Vascular Graft with Contiguous Vertebral Osteomyelitis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1982, 77, 224–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tack, K.J.; Rhame, F.S.; Brown, B.; Thompson, R.C. Aspergillus osteomyelitis: Report of four cases and review of the literature. Am. J. Med. 1982, 73, 295–300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Byrd, B.F., 3rd; Weiner, M.H.; McGee, Z.A. Aspergillus spinal epidural abscess. JAMA 1982, 248, 3138–3139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mawk, J.R.; Erickson, D.L.; Chou, S.N.; Seljeskog, E.L. Aspergillus infections of the lumbar disc spaces. J. Neurosurg. 1983, 58, 270–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McKee, D.F.; Barr, W.M.; Bryan, C.S.; Lunceford, E.M., Jr. Primary aspergillosis of the spine mimicking Pott’s paraplegia. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1984, 66, 1481–1483. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Polatty, R.C.; Cooper, K.R.; Kerkering, T.M. Spinal Cord Compression Due to an Aspergilloma. South. Med. J. 1984, 77, 645–648. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anderson, J.; Kron, I.L. Treatment of Aspergillus infection of the proximal aortic prosthetic graft with associated vertebral osteomyelitis. J. Vasc. Surg. 1984, 1, 579–581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Barnwell, P.A.; Jelsma, L.F.; Raft, M.J. Aspergillus osteomyelitis Report of a Case and Review of the Literature. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 1985, 3, 515–519. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wagner, D.K.; Varkey, B.; Sheth, N.K.; Damert, G.J. Epidural abscess, vertebral destruction, and paraplegia caused by extending infection from an aspergilloma. Am. J. Med. 1985, 78, 518–522. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brandt, S.J.; Thompson, R.L.; Wenzel, R.P. Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of an aortic bypass graft and contiguous vertebral osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus. Am. J. Med. 1985, 79, 259–262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferris, B.; Jones, C. Paraplegia due to aspergillosis. Successful conservative treatment of two cases. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1985, 67, 800–803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Nasca, R.J.; McElvein, R.B. Aspergillus fumigatus Osteomyelitis of the Thoracic Spine Treated by Excision and Interbody Fusion. Spine 1985, 10, 848–850. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sheth, N.K.; Varkey, B.; Wagner, D.K. Spinal Cord Aspergillus Invasion—Complication of an Aspergilloma. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1985, 84, 763–769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brown, D.L.; Musher, D.M.; Taffet, G.E. Hematogenously acquired Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis in seemingly immunocom-petent drug addicts. West J. Med. 1987, 147, 84–8532. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- White, C.J.; Kwon-Chung, K.J.; Gallin, J.I. Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood: An Unusual Case of Infection with Aspergillus nidulans var. echinulatus. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1988, 90, 312–316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Holmes, P.F.; Osterman, D.W.; Tullos, H.S. Aspergillus discitis: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1988, 226, 240–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bridwell, K.H.; Campbell, J.W.; Barenkamp, S.J. Surgical Treatment of Hematogenous Vertebral Aspergillus osteomyelitis. Spine 1990, 15, 281–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Govender, S.; Rajoo, R.; E Goga, I.; Charles, R.W. Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the Spine. Spine 1991, 16, 746–749. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sponseller, P.D.; Malech, H.L.; McCarthy, E.F.; Horowitz, S.F.; Jaffe, G.; I Gallin, J. Skeletal involvement in children who have chronic granulomatous disease. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. Vol. 1991, 73, 37–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rajaram, T.; Mahapatra, A.K.; Sarkar, C.; Roy, S. Aspergillosis of spine: A case report. J. Neurosurg. Sci. 1991, 35, 117–120. [Google Scholar]
- Peters-Christodoulou, M.N.; De Beer, F.C.; Bots, G.T.A.M.; Ottenhoff, T.M.J.; Thompson, J.; Wout, J.W.V. Treatment of Postoperative Aspergillus fumigatus Spondylodiscitis with Itraconazole. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1991, 23, 373–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McGregor, A.; McNicol, D.; Collignon, P. Aspergillus-induced discitis. A role for itraconazole in therapy? Spine 1992, 17, 1512–1514. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D’Hoore, K.; Hoogmartens, M. Vertebral aspergillosis: A case report and review of the literature. Acta Orthop. Belg. 1993, 59, 306–314. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Hummel, M.; Schüler, S.; Weber, U.; Schwertlick, G.; Hempel, S.; Theiss, D.; Rees, W.; Mueller, J.; Hetzer, R. Aspergillosis with Aspergillus osteomyelitis and diskitis after heart transplantation: Surgical and medical management. J. Hear. Lung Transplant. 1993, 12, 599–603. [Google Scholar]
- Korovessis, P.; Repanti, M.; Katsardis, T.; Stamatakis, M. Anterior decompression and fusion for Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine associated with paraparesis. Spine 1994, 19, 2715–2718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kline, M.W.; Bocobo, F.C.; E Paul, M.; Rosenblatt, H.M.; Shearer, W. Successful medical therapy of Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the spine in an 11-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease. Pediatrics 1994, 93, 830–835. [Google Scholar]
- Assaad, W.; Nuchikat, P.S.; Cohen, L.; Esguerra, J.V.; Whittier, F.C. Aspergillus Discitis with Acute Disc Abscess. Spine 1994, 19, 2226–2229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cortet, B.; Richard, R.; Deprez, X.; Lucet, L.; Flipo, R.M.; Le Loët, X.; Duquesnoy, B.; Delcambre, B. Aspergillus spondylodiscitis: Successful conservative treatment in 9 cases. J. Rheumatol. 1994, 21, 1287–1291. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, Z.; Hou, T.; Shen, Q.; Liao, W.; Xu, H. Osteomyelitis of sacral spine caused by Aspergillus versicolor with neurologic deficits. Chin. Med. J. 1995, 108, 472–475. [Google Scholar]
- Witzig, R.; Greer, D.; Hyslop, N. Aspergillus flavus mycetoma and epidural abscess successfully treated with itraconazole. Med. Mycol. 1996, 34, 133–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lang, E.W.; Pitts, L.H. Intervertebral disc space infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Eur. Spine J. 1996, 5, 207–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vinas, F.C.; King, P.K.; Diaz, F.G. Spinal Aspergillus osteomyelitis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1999, 28, 1223–1229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Martinez, M.; Lee, A.S.; Hellinger, W.C.; Kaplan, J. Vertebral Aspergillus osteomyelitis and Acute Diskitis in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1999, 74, 579–583. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tang, T.J.; Janssen, H.L.A.; Van Der Vlies, C.H.; De Man, R.A.; Metselaar, H.J.; Tilanus, H.W.; De Marie, S. Aspergillus osteomyelitis after liver transplantation. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2000, 12, 123–126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Auletta, J.J.; John, C.C. Spinal Epidural Abscesses in Children: A 15-Year Experience and Review of the Literature. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2001, 32, 9–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Denning, D.W.; Ribaud, P.; Milpied, N.; Caillot, D.; Herbrecht, R.; Thiel, E.; Haas, A.; Ruhnke, M.; Lode, H. Efficacy and Safety of Voriconazole in the Treatment of Acute Invasive Aspergillosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2002, 34, 563–571. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chi, C.-Y.; Fung, C.-P.; Liu, C.-Y. Aspergillus flavus epidural abscess and osteomyelitis in a diabetic patient. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 2003, 36, 145–148. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Perfect, J.R.; Marr, K.A.; Walsh, T.J.; Greenberg, R.N.; Dupont, B.; De La Torre-Cisneros, J.; Just-Nubling, G.; Schlamm, H.T.; Lutsar, I.; Espinel-Ingroff, A.; et al. Voriconazole Treatment for Less-Common, Emerging, or Refractory Fungal Infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2003, 36, 1122–1131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Farhoudi, A.; Siadati, A.; Atarod, L.; Tabatabaei, P.; Mamishi, S.; Khotaii, G.; Armin, S.; Shirvani, F. Para Vertebral Abscess and Rib Osteomyelitis due to Aspergillous Fumigatus in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Iran. J. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003, 2, 13–15. [Google Scholar]
- Stratov, I.; Korman, T.; Johnson, P.D.R. Management of Aspergillus osteomyelitis: Report of Failure of Liposomal Amphotericin B and Response to Voriconazole in an Immunocompetent Host and Literature Review. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2003, 22, 277–283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Salvalaggio, P.; Bassetti, M.; Lorber, M.; Micheletto, G.; Friedman, A.; Andriole, V.; Basadonna, G. Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis after simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 2003, 5, 187–190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salloum, A.; Rao, S.; Havasi, A.; Miljkovic, G.; Amoateng-Adjepong, Y. Aspergillus rib and vertebral osteomyelitis in a former in-travenous drug user. Am. J. Med. 2004, 116, 208–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Santos, A.B.; Llamas, P.; Gadea, I.; Román, A.; Subirá, D.; Prieto, E.; Tomás, J.F. Aspergillus fumigatus: A rare cause of vertebral osteomyelitis. Haematologica 2004, 89, ECR10. [Google Scholar]
- Vaishya, S.; Sharma, M.S. Spinal Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis with extradural abscess: Case report and review of literature. Surg. Neurol. 2004, 61, 551–555. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lenzi, J.; Agrillo, A.; Santoro, A.; Marotta, N.; Cantore, G.P. Postoperative spondylodiscitis from Aspergillus fumigatus in immunocompetent subjects. J. Neurosurg. Sci. 2004, 48, 81–85. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Mouas, H.; Lutsar, I.; Dupont, B.; Fain, O.; Herbrecht, R.; Lescure, F.; Lortholary, O. The Voriconazole/Bone Invasive Aspergillosis Study Group Voriconazole for Invasive Bone Aspergillosis: A Worldwide Experience of 20 Cases. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2005, 40, 1141–1147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ikinciogullari, A.; Dogu, F.; Solaz, N.; Reisli, I.; Kemahli, S.; Cin, S.; Babacan, E. Granulocyte Transfusions in Children With Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Invasive Aspergillosis. Ther. Apher. Dial. 2005, 9, 137–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahmed, R. Disseminated aspergillosis causing spinal cord compression in a child. Neurol. India 2007, 55, 308–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wéclawiak, H.; Garrouste, C.; Kamar, N.; Linas, M.-D.; Tall, P.; Dambrin, C.; Durand, D.; Rostaing, L. Aspergillus fumigatus-Related Spondylodiscitis in a Heart Transplant Patient Successfully Treated With Voriconazole. Transplant. Proc. 2007, 39, 2627–2628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dayan, L.; Sprecher, H.; Hananni, A.; Rosenbaum, H.; Milloul, V.; Oren, I. Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis in chronic leukocyte leukemia patient diagnosed by a novel panfungal polymerase chain reaction method. Spine J. 2007, 7, 615–617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kolbe, A.B.L.; Mckinney, A.; Kendi, A.T.K.; Misselt, D. Aspergillus meningitis and discitis from low-back procedures in an immunocompetent patient. Acta Radiol. 2007, 48, 687–689. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Beluffi, G.; Bernardo, M.E.; Meloni, G.; Spinazzola, A.; Locatelli, F. Spinal osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus flavus in a child: A rare complication after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pediatr. Radiol. 2008, 38, 709–712. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dellepiane, R.M.; Tortorano, A.M.; Liotto, N.; Laicini, E.; Di Landro, G.; Carnelli, V.; Pietrogrande, M.C. Invasive Aspergillus nidulans infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Mycoses 2008, 51, 458–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tew, C.W.; Han, F.C.; Jureen, R.; Tey, B.H. Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess. Singap. Med J. 2009, 50. [Google Scholar]
- Nandeesh, B.; Kini, U.; Alexander, B.; Bn, N. Vertebral osteomyelitis with a rare etiology diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009, 38, 360–363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Horn, D.; Sae-Tia, S.; Neofytos, D. Aspergillus osteomyelitis: Review of 12 cases identified by the Prospective Antifungal Therapy Alliance registry. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2009, 63, 384–387. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Oh, I.-S.; Seo, J.-Y.; Ha, K.-Y.; Kim, Y.-C. Treatment for Multiple Aspergillus Spondylitis Including a Hip Joint. Asian Spine J. 2009, 3, 106–112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Al-Tawfiq, J.A.; Al-Abdely, H.M. Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease successfully treated with antifungal agents and interferon-gamma. Med. Mycol. 2010, 48, 537–541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed][Green Version]
- Ranjan, R.; Mishra, S.; Ranjan, S.; R, R.; S, M. Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent person. Neurol. India 2010, 58, 806–808. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhu, L.P.; Chen, X.S.; Wu, J.Q.; Yang, F.F.; Weng, X.H. Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis and ureteral obstruction after liver trans-plantation. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 2011, 13, 192–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ersoy, A.; Dizdar, O.S.; Koc, A.O.; Akalin, H.; Ener, B. Aspergillus fumigatus spondylodiskitis in renal transplant patient: Voriconazole experience. Exp. Clin. Transplant. 2011, 9, 265–269. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Chang, H.-M.; Yu, H.-H.; Yang, Y.-H.; Lee, W.-I.; Lee, J.-H.; Wang, L.-C.; Lin, Y.-T.; Chiang, B.-L. Successful Treatment of Aspergillus flavus Spondylodiscitis With Epidural Abscess in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2012, 31, 100–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sethi, S.; Kalra, K.L.; Siraj, F.; Chopra, P. Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis in immunocompetent patients. Indian J. Orthop. 2012, 46, 246–250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Camargo, J.F.; Seriburi, V.; Tenner, M.; El Khoury, M.Y. Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine complicated with orbital apex syndrome: A potential role of the Batson’s plexus in disease propagation. Med. Mycol. Case Rep. 2012, 1, 9–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nicolle, A.; De La Blanchardière, A.; Bonhomme, J.; Hamon, M.; Leclercq, R.; Hitier, M. Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis in immunocompetent subjects: Case report and review of the literature. Infection 2013, 41, 833–840. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Xu, Y.; Meng, B. Vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess due to Aspergillus nidulans resulting in spinal cord compression: Case report and literature review. J. Int. Med. Res. 2013, 41, 502–510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yoon, K.-W.; Kim, Y.-J. Lumbar Aspergillus osteomyelitis mimicking pyogenic osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent adult. Br. J. Neurosurg. 2014, 29, 277–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, Y.; Cen, Y.; Luo, Y.; Zhu, Z.; Min, S.; Chen, X. Aspergillus Vertebral Osteomyelitis Complicating Pulmonary Granuloma in an Immunocompetent Adult. Med. Princ. Pract. 2015, 25, 394–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Comacle, P.; Le Govic, Y.; Hoche-Delchet, C.; Sandrini, J.; Aguilar, C.; Bouyer, B.; Blanchi, S.; Penn, P. Spondylodiscitis Due to Aspergillus terreus in an Immunocompetent Host: Case Report and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2016, 181, 575–581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Seroy, J.; Antiporta, P.; Grim, S.A.; Proia, L.A.; Singh, K.; Clark, N.M. Aspergillus calidoustuscase series and review of the literature. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 2017, 19, e12755. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sohn, Y.J.; Yun, J.H.; Yun, K.W.; Kang, H.J.; Choi, E.H.; Shin, H.Y.; Lee, H.J. Aspergillus terreus Spondylodiscitis in an Immunocompromised Child. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2019, 38, 161–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Takagi, Y.; Yamada, H.; Ebara, H.; Hayashi, H.; Kidani, S.; Okamoto, S.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitano, Y.; Kagechika, K.; Demura, S.; et al. Aspergillus terreus spondylodiscitis following an abdominal stab wound: A case report. J. Med. Case Rep. 2019, 13, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Senosain-Leon, V.; Hidalgo-Benites, A.; Montenegro, J.A.; D’Angelo-Piaggio, L.; Beas, R. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis in an HIV-infected adult: A case report. Int. J. STD AIDS 2019, 30, 1140–1142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aydın, Ö.; Bektaş, B.; Aslan, A.; Yıldırım, A.N.; Arslan, F. Voriconazole-treated Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient. J. Orthop. Sci. 2020, in press. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koutserimpas, C.; Chamakioti, I.; Zervakis, S.; Raptis, K.; Alpantaki, K.; Kofteridis, D.; Vrioni, G.; Samonis, G. Non-Candida Fungal Prosthetic Joint Infections. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1410. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tashiro, M.; Izumikawa, K.; Minematsu, A.; Hirano, K.; Iwanaga, N.; Ide, S.; Mihara, T.; Hosogaya, N.; Takazono, T.; Morinaga, Y.; et al. Antifungal Susceptibilities of Aspergillus fumigatus Clinical Isolates Obtained in Nagasaki, Japan. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2011, 56, 584–587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koutserimpas, C.; Zervakis, S.G.; Maraki, S.; Alpantaki, K.; Ioannidis, A.; Kofteridis, D.P.; Samonis, G. Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections: A systematic review of treatment. World J. Clin. Cases 2019, 7, 1430–1443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Koutserimpas, C.; Samonis, G.; Velivassakis, E.; Iliopoulou-Kosmadaki, S.; Kontakis, G.; Kofteridis, D.P. Candida glabrata prosthetic joint infection, successfully treated with anidulafungin: A case report and review of the literature. Mycoses 2017, 61, 266–269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nett, J.E.; Andes, D.R. Antifungal Agents. Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am. 2016, 30, 51–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, M.; Li, Z.; Li, D.; Chen, F.; Zhao, J.; Chen, Y.; Wang, Z.; Han, L. Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon Afut4 promotes azole resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus by enhancing the expression of sac1 gene. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, J.; Debets, A.; Verweij, P.; Snelders, E. Azole-Resistance Development; How the Aspergillus fumigatus Lifecycle Defines the Potential for Adaptation. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 599. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lamoth, F.; Lewis, R.E.; Kontoyiannis, D.P. Role and Interpretation of Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for the Management of Invasive Fungal Infections. J. Fungi 2020, 7, 17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Arendrup, M.; Friberg, N.; Mares, M.; Kahlmeter, G.; Meletiadis, J.; Guinea, J.; Andersen, C.; Arikan-Akdagli, S.; Barchiesi, F.; Chryssanthou, E.; et al. How to interpret MICs of antifungal compounds according to the revised clinical breakpoints v. 10.0 European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST). Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2020, 26, 1464–1472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herbrecht, R.; Denning, D.; Patterson, T.F.; Bennett, J.E.; Greene, R.E.; Oestmann, J.-W.; Kern, W.V.; Marr, K.A.; Ribaud, P.; Lortholary, O.; et al. Voriconazole versus Amphotericin B for Primary Therapy of Invasive Aspergillosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 347, 408–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hamill, R.J. Amphotericin B Formulations: A Comparative Review of Efficacy and Toxicity. Drugs 2013, 73, 919–934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Period | X-ray | Myelogram | Bone Scan | CT | MRI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before 1994 | 48 (87.3%) | 16 (29.1%) | 7 (12.7%) | 16 (29.1%) | 0 (0%) |
After 1994 | 32 (50.8%) | 3 (4.8%) | 4 (6.3%) | 18 (28.6%) | 42 (66.7%) |
Total study period | 80 (67.8%) | 19 (16.1%) | 11 (9.3%) | 34 (28.8%) | 42 (35.6%) |
Case No. | Method Used for Definite Diagnosis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Culture | Microscopy and/or Histopathology | Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/Other Tests | Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) | |
1. | abscess | - | - | - |
2. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
3. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
4. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
5. | bone specimen | - | - | - |
6. | thoracic mass | - | - | - |
7. | tissue specimen | pulmonary infiltrate | - | - |
8. | abscess | - | - | - |
9. | disk space tissue | - | - | - |
10. | abscess | - | - | -amphotericin B = 6 mg/L; -flucytosine > 250 mg/L. |
11. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
12. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
13. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
14. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
15. | disk space tissue | - | - | - |
16. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
17. | - | bone specimen | - | - |
18. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
19. | abscess | - | - | - |
20. | tissue specimen | - | - | -amphotericin B = 0.31 mg/L. |
21. | tissue specimen | - | - | Testing for MIC indicated sensitivity to amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. |
22. | tissue specimen | - | - | Testing for MIC indicated sensitivity to amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. |
23. | bone specimen | - | - | -amphotencin B = 1.56 mg/L |
24. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
25. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
26. | - | tissue specimen | serology | - |
27. | abscess | tissue specimen | - | - |
28. | tissue specimen | tissue specimen | - | - |
29. | material from empyema | - | - | - |
30. | abscess | - | - | - |
31. | bone and tissue specimen | - | - | - |
32. | abscess | - | - | - |
33. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
34. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
35. | bone specimen | - | - | - |
36. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
37. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
38. | tissue specimen | tissue specimen | - | - |
39. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
40. | abscess | - | - | - |
41. | disc and bone specimen | - | - | - |
42. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
43. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
44. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
45. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
46. | NR | - | - | - |
47. | NR | - | - | - |
48. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
49. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
50. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
51. | tissue specimen | tissue specimen | - | - |
52. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
53. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
54. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
55. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
56. | disc and fibrous tissues | - | - | - |
57. | - | NR | - | - |
58. | - | NR | - | - |
59. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
60. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
61. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
62. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
63. | abscess | - | - | - |
64. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
65. | tissue specimen | tissue specimen | - | - |
66. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
67. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
68. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
69. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
70. | NR | NR | - | - |
71. | NR | NR | - | - |
72. | NR | NR | - | - |
73. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
74. | - | bone specimen | - | -amphotericin B = 0.25 mg/L; -fluconazole, > 256 mg/L; -5-fluorocytosine = 64 mg/L; -itraconazole = 0.5 mg/L; -voriconazole = 0.5 mg/L. |
75. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
76. | bone and tissue specimen | - | - | - |
77. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
78. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
79. | - | - | serological tests and high concentrations of Aspergillus galactomannan were detected in two consecutive serum samples with a commercial assay | - |
80. | NR | NR | - | - |
81. | NR | NR | - | - |
82. | NR | NR | - | - |
83. | NR | NR | - | - |
84. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
85. | abscess | - | - | - |
86. | abscess | - | - | - |
87. | abscess | - | - | - |
88. | - | disc specimen | serology | - |
89. | - | - | (1) comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequence using the BLAST sequence analysis tool (2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a bone tissue sample. | - |
90. | abscess | - | - | - |
91. | tissue specimen | tissue specimen | - | - |
92. | abscess | - | - | - |
93. | tissue specimen | tissue specimen | - | - |
94. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
95. | NR | NR | - | - |
96. | NR | NR | - | - |
97. | NR | NR | - | - |
98. | NR | NR | - | - |
99. | NR | - | - | - |
100. | abscess | - | - | - |
101. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
102. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
103. | tissue specimen | - | galactomannan antigen test | - |
104. | tissue specimen | tissue specimen | - | - |
105. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
106. | - | bone specimen | - | - |
107. | bone specimen | - | - | - |
108. | bone specimen | - | - | - |
109. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
110. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
111. | - | bone specimen | - | - |
112. | bone specimen | - | - | -amphotericin B = 2 mg/L; -voriconazole = 0.75 mg/L; -caspofungin = 0.032 mg/L. |
113. | disc specimen | - | polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | -amphotericin B = 2 mg/L; -caspofungin = 4 mg/L; -itraconazole = 1 mg/L; -posaconazole = 2 mg/L; -voriconazole = 4 mg/L; -terbinafine = 0.5 mg/L. |
114. | abscess | - | - | - |
115. | bone specimen | - | - | - |
116. | - | tissue specimen | - | - |
117. | tissue specimen | - | - | - |
118. | abscess | - | - | - |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Koutserimpas, C.; Chamakioti, I.; Naoum, S.; Raptis, K.; Alpantaki, K.; Kofteridis, D.P.; Samonis, G. Spondylodiscitis Caused by Aspergillus Species. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1899. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101899
Koutserimpas C, Chamakioti I, Naoum S, Raptis K, Alpantaki K, Kofteridis DP, Samonis G. Spondylodiscitis Caused by Aspergillus Species. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(10):1899. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101899
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoutserimpas, Christos, Ifigeneia Chamakioti, Symeon Naoum, Konstantinos Raptis, Kalliopi Alpantaki, Diamantis P. Kofteridis, and George Samonis. 2021. "Spondylodiscitis Caused by Aspergillus Species" Diagnostics 11, no. 10: 1899. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101899
APA StyleKoutserimpas, C., Chamakioti, I., Naoum, S., Raptis, K., Alpantaki, K., Kofteridis, D. P., & Samonis, G. (2021). Spondylodiscitis Caused by Aspergillus Species. Diagnostics, 11(10), 1899. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101899