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Open AccessArticle
Comparative Bioactivities and Fatty Acid Composition of Pinus koraiensis Leaf Oils Obtained Using Different Extraction Methods
1
Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Food and Cooking Science, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13135, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Life 2026, 16(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010049 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 24 November 2025
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Revised: 24 December 2025
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Accepted: 26 December 2025
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Published: 27 December 2025
Abstract
Pinus koraiensis leaves are known for various bioactivities, including anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. This study aimed to compare the essential oil from P. koraiensis leaves (EPO) and the supercritical-CO2-extracted oil (SPO) for physicochemical traits, antibacterial and anticancer activities, and anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects, and profiled fatty acids by means of GC-MS. SPO showed stronger antimicrobial activity than EPO against Streptococcus mutans, whereas EPO was more active against Candida albicans. In HaCaT keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytic cell line, SPO more effectively suppressed LPS-induced ROS and attenuated TNF-α and IL-6 upregulation. Across a panel of human cancer cell lines, SPO exerted greater cytotoxicity, particularly in non–small cell lung, prostate, and colon cancers. GC–MS revealed greater compositional diversity in SPO (16 fatty acids, 10 unique), while linolelaidic acid was detected only in EPO; pentadecenoic acid was abundant in all oils. Collectively, SPO demonstrates broader bioactivity and richer fatty-acid diversity than EPO, supporting its potential as a functional food or medicinal ingredient.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Kim, J.-E.; Jang, K.T.; An, L.; Lee, M.-H.; Lee, H.-J.
Comparative Bioactivities and Fatty Acid Composition of Pinus koraiensis Leaf Oils Obtained Using Different Extraction Methods. Life 2026, 16, 49.
https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010049
AMA Style
Kim J-E, Jang KT, An L, Lee M-H, Lee H-J.
Comparative Bioactivities and Fatty Acid Composition of Pinus koraiensis Leaf Oils Obtained Using Different Extraction Methods. Life. 2026; 16(1):49.
https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010049
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kim, Jung-Eun, Kyung Tae Jang, Leeseon An, Min-Ho Lee, and Hyo-Jeong Lee.
2026. "Comparative Bioactivities and Fatty Acid Composition of Pinus koraiensis Leaf Oils Obtained Using Different Extraction Methods" Life 16, no. 1: 49.
https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010049
APA Style
Kim, J.-E., Jang, K. T., An, L., Lee, M.-H., & Lee, H.-J.
(2026). Comparative Bioactivities and Fatty Acid Composition of Pinus koraiensis Leaf Oils Obtained Using Different Extraction Methods. Life, 16(1), 49.
https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010049
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