What We Know So Far About ECG for Pancreatic Pseudocysts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patient Cohort
Inclusion Criteria for ECG
2.2. Methods of Treatment
2.3. Endoscopic Cysto-Gastrostomy (ECG)
2.4. Analyzed Data
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Definitions
3. Results
3.1. Patients’ Characteristics
3.2. Cyst Characteristics
3.3. Short-Term Outcomes
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DPPS (n = 21, 53.85%) | LAMS (n = 18, 46.15%) | Total | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 53.45 SD 13.55 (30–70) | 48.28 SD 12.49 (28–65) | 51.13 (28–77, SD 13.18 | 0.23 |
Gender | 0.74 | |||
Male | 12 (57.14%) | 12 (66.67%) | 24 (61.54%) | |
Female | 9 (42.86%) | 6 (33.33%) | 15 (38.46%) | |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | 24.29 SD 5.62 (14.90–34.93) | 24.51 SD 4.97 (15.42–36.41) | 24.40 SD 5.25 (14.90–36.41) | 0.90 |
Symptoms | ||||
Abdominal pain | 17 (80.95%) | 11 (61.11%) | 28 (71.79%) | 0.28 |
Nausea and vomiting | 4 (19.05%) | 3 (16.67%) | 7 (17.95%) | 1 |
Jaundice | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.56%) | 1 (2.56%) | 0.27 |
Fever | 2 (9.52%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (5.13%) | 0.49 |
Steatorrhea | 1 (4.76%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.56%) | 1 |
Constipation | 1 (4.76%) | 3 (16.67%) | 4 (10.26%) | 0.22 |
Diarrhea | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.56%) | 1 (2.56%) | 0.27 |
Weight loss | 5 (23.81%) | 5 (27.78%) | 10 (25.64%) | 1 |
None | 3 (14.29%) | 3 (16.67%) | 6 (15.38%) | 1 |
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score | ||||
I | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
II | 16 (76.19%) | 13 (72.22%) | 28 (71.79%) | 1 |
III | 5 (23.81%) | 5 (27.78%) | 10 (25.64%) | 1 |
IV | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
DPPS (n = 21, 53.85%) | LAMS (n = 18, 46.15%) | Total | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Localization of the cyst | ||||
Head of the pancreas | 4 (19.05%) | 4 (22.22%) | 8 (20.51%) | 0.81 |
Body of the pancreas | 2 (9.52%) | 1 (5.56%) | 3 (7.69%) | 0.64 |
Tail of the pancreas | 6 (28.57%) | 7 (38.89%) | 13 (33.33%) | 0.49 |
Head and body of the pancreas | 3 (14.29%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (7.69%) | 0.09 |
Body and tail of the pancreas | 6 (28.57%) | 6 (33.33%) | 12 (30.77%) | 0.75 |
The greatest size of the cyst | 108 IQR 23 (65–216) | 140 IQR 30 (71–200) | 120 IQR 45 (65–216) | 0.04 |
Cyst etiology | ||||
Acute pancreatitis | 14 (66.67%) | 13 (72.22%) | 27 (69.23%) | 1 |
Chronic pancreatitis | 6 (28.57%) | 2 (11.11%) | 8 (20.51%) | 0.18 |
Both acute and chronic pancreatitis | 1 (4.76%) | 3 (16.67%) | 4 (10.26%) | 0.22 |
DPPS (n = 21, 53.85%) | LAMS (n = 18, 46.15%) | Total | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of procedure (minutes) | 35 IQR 15 (15–50) | 50 IQR 30 (30–75) | 40 IQR 30 (15–75) | <0.001 |
Duration of hospitalization (days) | 5 IQR 8 (2–36) | 11 IQR 11(3–31) | 10 IQR 13 (2–31) | 0.07 |
Duration of hospitalization after procedure (days) | 3 IQR 4 (1–25) | 8 IQR 8 (2–27) | 5 IQR 8 (1–27) | 0.002 |
Complications | ||||
Total | 3 (14.29%) | 2 (11.11%) | 5 (12.82%) | 0.77 |
Bleeding into the cyst | 2 (9.52%) | 1 (5.56%) | 3 (5.13%) | 0.64 |
Cyst infection | 1 (4.76%) | 1 (5.56%) | 2 (5.14%) | 0.91 |
30-day mortality | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
Reintervention | 3 (14.29%) | 2 (11.11%) | 5 (12.89%) | 0.76 |
Rehospitalization | 5 (23.81%) | 2 (11.11%) | 7 (17.96%) | 0.30 |
Follow up | ||||
Therapeutic success | 18 (85.71%) | 18 (100%) | 35 (89.74%) | 0.095 |
Cyst recurrence | 4 (19.05%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (10.26%) | 0.05 |
Median time of follow-up (days) | 268 IQR 430 (46–1108) | 317 IQR 984 (31–2027) | 280 IQR 551 (31–2027) | 0.34 |
Time of the stent removal (days) | 106 IQR 89 (43–660) | 34 IQR 24.5 (15–355) | 45 IQR 68 (14–660) | 0.001 |
Univariate Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Variable | HR | 95% CI | p |
Age | 1.08 | 0.98–1.19 | 0.09 |
Gender | 0.53 | ||
Male | 0.53 | 0.07–3.82 | |
Female | 1 | ||
BMI | 1.06 | 0.9–1.28 | 0.47 |
Admission mode | 0.21 | ||
Emergency | 3.55 | 0.49–25.39 | |
Elective | 1 | ||
Symptoms | 0.68 | ||
No | 0.62 | 0.06–5.97 | |
Yes | 1 | ||
Alcohol usage | 0.69 | ||
No | 0.66 | 0.09–4.76 | |
Yes | 1 | ||
Complications | 0.01 | ||
Yes | 21.55 | 1.95–237.72 | |
No | 1 | ||
Cyst Size | 1.01 | 0.98–1.04 | 0.39 |
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Kluszczyk, P.; Jabłońska, B.; Serafin, M.; Tobiasz, A.; Kowalczyk, T.; Maślanka, S.; Chapuła, M.; Wosiewicz, P.; Mrowiec, S. What We Know So Far About ECG for Pancreatic Pseudocysts. Life 2024, 14, 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111419
Kluszczyk P, Jabłońska B, Serafin M, Tobiasz A, Kowalczyk T, Maślanka S, Chapuła M, Wosiewicz P, Mrowiec S. What We Know So Far About ECG for Pancreatic Pseudocysts. Life. 2024; 14(11):1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111419
Chicago/Turabian StyleKluszczyk, Paulina, Beata Jabłońska, Michał Serafin, Aleksandra Tobiasz, Tomasz Kowalczyk, Sebastian Maślanka, Mateusz Chapuła, Piotr Wosiewicz, and Sławomir Mrowiec. 2024. "What We Know So Far About ECG for Pancreatic Pseudocysts" Life 14, no. 11: 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111419
APA StyleKluszczyk, P., Jabłońska, B., Serafin, M., Tobiasz, A., Kowalczyk, T., Maślanka, S., Chapuła, M., Wosiewicz, P., & Mrowiec, S. (2024). What We Know So Far About ECG for Pancreatic Pseudocysts. Life, 14(11), 1419. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111419