Effectiveness of Novel Sympathetic Nerve Entrapment Point Injections for Chronic Migraine: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. SNEP Injection
2.2.1. SC Injection Technique
2.2.2. Deep Injection Technique
2.3. Research Outcomes
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | n = 12 | |
---|---|---|
Men | n = 3 | |
Women | n = 9 | |
Age (years) | median = 42.5 | (IQR, 30.8–55) |
Men | median = 33 | (IQR, 30–62) |
Women | median = 45 | (IQR, 33–55) |
Types of headache | ||
V | n = 9 | |
V + M | n = 3 | |
Duration of headache (month) | median = 73 | (IQR, 17.3–121.7) |
Duration of treatment (day) | median = 40 | (IQR, 30–71.5) |
Number of treatments | median = 6 | (IQR, 5.3–7.8) |
Time | Mean ± SD | 95% CI | p-Value | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (days/week) | Baseline | 5.08 ± 2.02 | 3.80–6.37 | <0.001 | ref. | ||||
1 month | 1.38 ± 0.74 | 0.90–1.85 | <0.001 | ref. | |||||
3 months | 0.46 ± 0.65 | 0.05–0.87 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ref. | ||||
6 months | 0.13 ± 0.29 | (−0.06)–0.31 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.275 | ref. | |||
12 months | 0.08 ± 0.29 | (−0.10)–0.27 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.279 | 1.000 | ref. | ||
24 months | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.480 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
Duration (hours/week) | Baseline | 17.58 ± 4.12 | 14.96–20.20 | <0.001 | ref. | ||||
1 month | 2.25 ± 2.05 | 0.95–3.55 | <0.001 | ref. | |||||
3 months | 0.83 ± 1.32 | (−0.01)–1.67 | <0.001 | 0.011 | ref. | ||||
6 months | 0.54 ± 1.23 | (−0.24)–1.33 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.406 | ref. | |||
12 months | 0.17 ± 0.39 | (−0.08)–0.41 | <0.001 | 0.023 | 0.526 | 1.000 | ref. | ||
24 months | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | <0.001 | 0.044 | 0.769 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
VAS1 | Baseline | 7.48 ± 0.55 | 7.13–7.83 | <0.001 | ref. | ||||
1 month | 2.38 ± 0.93 | 1.78–2.97 | <0.001 | ref. | |||||
3 months | 0.79 ± 0.84 | 0.26–1.32 | <0.001 | 0.008 | ref. | ||||
6 months | 0.54 ± 0.89 | (−0.02)–1.11 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 1.000 | ref. | |||
12 months | 0.25 ± 0.62 | (−0.14)–0.64 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.122 | 1.000 | ref. | ||
24 months | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.112 | 0.884 | 0.179 | ||
VAS2 | Baseline | 6.13 ± 1.09 | 5.43–6.82 | <0.001 | ref. | ||||
1 month | 1.63 ± 0.48 | 1.32–1.93 | <0.001 | ref. | |||||
3 months | 0.46 ± 0.72 | 0.00–0.92 | <0.001 | 0.002 | ref. | ||||
6 months | 0.42 ± 0.79 | (−0.09)–0.92 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 1.000 | ref. | |||
12 months | 0.17 ± 0.39 | (−0.08)–0.41 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.695 | 1.000 | ref. | ||
24 months | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.751 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
HIT-6 (range: 36–78) | Baseline | 76.17 ± 2.17 | 74.79–77.54 | <0.001 | ref. | ||||
1 month | 52.67 ± 5.93 | 48.90–56.43 | <0.001 | ref. | |||||
3 months | 40.33 ± 7.28 | 35.71–44.96 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ref. | ||||
6 months | 38.33 ± 4.74 | 35.32–41.34 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.79 | ref. | |||
12 months | 36.67 ± 1.78 | 35.54–37.79 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.751 | 1.000 | ref. | ||
24 months | 36.00 ± 0.00 | 36.00–36.00 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.954 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Baseline | 1 Month | 3 Months | 6 Months | 12 Months | 24 Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | D | V1 | V2 | H | F | D | V1 | V2 | H | F | D | V1 | V2 | H | F | D | V1 | V2 | H | F | D | V1 | V2 | H | F | D | V1 | V2 | H | |
A | 6 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 76 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 52 | 0.25 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
B | 7 | 16 | 7 | 7 | 78 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
C | 4 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 74 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 50 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
D | 3 | 14 | 8 | 7 | 74 | 1.5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 60 | 1 | 3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 50 | 0.25 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 46 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
E | 3 | 15 | 8 | 8 | 76 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
F | 7 | 24 | 8.5 | 4 | 78 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
G | 6 | 24 | 7.8 | 6 | 78 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 44 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
H | 6 | 16 | 7.5 | 5 | 72 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 54 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
I | 4 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 78 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
J | 7 | 24 | 8 | 7 | 78 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 62 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 58 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 50 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
K | 1 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
L | 7 | 18 | 7 | 6.5 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
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Seong, J.W.; Kim, Y.; Kwon, D.R.; Yang, C.-J.; Özçakar, L. Effectiveness of Novel Sympathetic Nerve Entrapment Point Injections for Chronic Migraine: A Pilot Study. Life 2024, 14, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010057
Seong JW, Kim Y, Kwon DR, Yang C-J, Özçakar L. Effectiveness of Novel Sympathetic Nerve Entrapment Point Injections for Chronic Migraine: A Pilot Study. Life. 2024; 14(1):57. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010057
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeong, Jeong Won, Yuntae Kim, Dong Rak Kwon, Cheol-Jung Yang, and Levent Özçakar. 2024. "Effectiveness of Novel Sympathetic Nerve Entrapment Point Injections for Chronic Migraine: A Pilot Study" Life 14, no. 1: 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010057