Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000–2021)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Search Method
2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Study Selection
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Parts of Medicinal Plants Used as Scolicidal Agents
3.2. In Vitro Activity of Medicinal Plants against Protoscoleces
3.3. In Vivo Activity of Medicinal Plants against Scoleces
3.4. Active Phytochemical Compounds against Scoleces
3.5. Herbal Scolicidal Plants Toxicity
3.6. IC50 Value Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Botanical Name (Common Name) | Extraction Method | Part Used | Phytochemical Component | Concentration (mg/mL) | Exposure Time (min) | Scolicidal Efficacy (%) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | Peganum harmala (Syrian rue) | Ethanolic | Seeds | N/A | 62.5 | 2880 | 100 | [20] |
2008 | Allium Sativum (Garlic) | Ethanolic/chloroform | Garlic cloves | Silver nitrate | 200 | 15 | 70 | [21] |
2008 | Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) | Hydrochloric acid + diethyl ether | Seeds | Phenols | 750 | 10,080 | 100 | [22] |
2010 | Allium sativum(Garlic) | Methanolic | Garlic cloves | Mannitol | 50 | 10 | 100 | [23] |
2011 | Zingiber officinale (Ginger) | Methanolic | Rhizome | N/A | 100 | 30 | 100 | [24] |
2012 | Mentha spp. | Hydrodistillation | Leaves | Isomenthol | 0.005 | 25,920 | 100 | [25] |
2012 | Corylus spp. | Hydro-alcoholic | Seeds | N/A | 50 | 20 | 98 | [26] |
2012 | Olea europaea (Olive) | Aqueous | Leaves | N/A | 1 | 120 | 96.7 | [27] |
2012 | Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) | Methanolic | Leaves | Carvacrol and Thymol | 25 | 1 | 100 | [28] |
2012 | Rhus coriaria (Sumac) | Methanolic | As a whole | N/A | 30 | 20 | 98.89 | [29] |
2012 | Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan) | Hydrodistillation | Fruits | Thymol | 5 | 10 | 100 | [30] |
2012 | Satureja khuzistanica (Jamzad) | Hydrodistillation | Leaves and flowers | Carvacrol | 5 | 60 | 100 | [31] |
2013 | Hymenocarter longiflorus (Lamiaceae) | Methanolic | Aerial parts | Monoterpene hydrocarbons (2.25%), Hydrocarbons (17.44%), Oxygenated monoterpene (19.27%) | 0.0125 | 2880 | 100 | [32] |
2013 | Ferula assafoetida (Assafoetida) | Hydrodistillation | Latex | E-1-propenyl-sec-butyl Disulfide (62.7%), β-ocimene (21.7%) and β-pinene (5%) | 0.06 | 10 | 100 | [33] |
2013 | Ocimum bacilicum (Sweet basil) | Methanolic | Leaves | N/A | 100 | 60 | 24.10 | [34] |
2013 | Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) | Aqueous | Fruit | N/A | 4 | 30 | 100 | [35] |
2013 | Pestalotiopsis spp. | Methanolic | Leaves, stems and roots | N/A | 30 | 30 | 92 | [36] |
2013 | Mallotus philippinensis (Kamala Tree) | Methanolic | Fruit | N/A | 20 | 120 | 100 | [37] |
2014 | Thymus vulgaris (Garden thyme) | Hydrodistillation | Leaves | Thymol | 0.5 | 103,680 | 100 | [38] |
2014 | Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) | Methanolic | Seeds | Thymoquinone | 50 | 30 | 100 | [39] |
2014 | Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) | Methanolic | Root | Berberine | 2 | 10 | 100 | [40] |
2014 | Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) | Hydrodistillation | Seeds | Thymoquinone | 10 | 10 | 100 | [41] |
2015 | Teucrium polium (Felty germander) | Ethanolic | Flowers | N/A | 100 | 50 | 100 | [42] |
2015 | Zingiber officinale (Ginger) | Methanolic | Root | N/A | 100 | 40 | 100 | [43] |
2015 | Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) | Diethyl ether | Essential oil | Thymol (66.9%), Carvacrol (15.2%), Carvone (7.3%), Neo-dihydrocarveol (2%), and 1,8-Cineole (1.6%) | 1 | 5 | 100 | [44] |
2016 | Bunium persicum (Black Caraway) | Hydrodistillation | Seeds | g-terpinene (46.1%), Cuminaldehyde (15.5%), r-Cymene (6.7%), and Limonene (5.9%) | 0.0125 | 10 | 100 | [45] |
2016 | Pistacia khinjuk (Khiniuk) | Methanolic | Fruits | Terpenoids, Flavonoids, and Tannins | 100 | 10 | 100 | [46] |
2016 | Salvadora persica (Miswak) | Ethanolic | Root | Indole alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tropaedoin, Triterpenes, Phytosterols, and Isothiocyanates | 50 | 10 | 100 | [47] |
2016 | Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) | Methanolic | Leaves | Carvacrol and Thymol | 10 | 10 | 100 | [48] |
2016 | Myrtus communis (True myrtle) | Hydrodistillation | Leaves | α-pinene (24.7%), 1,8-Cineole (19.6%), and Linalool (12.6%) | 0.1 | 5 | 100 | [49] |
2016 | Nectaroscordum tripedale (Sicilian Honey Garlic) | Ethanolic | Leaves | Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Tannins and Fatty acids | 50 | 10 | 100 | [50] |
2016 | Zingiber officinale (Ginger) | Aqueous | As a whole | [6]-gingerol | 100 | 1440 | 100 | [51] |
2017 | Curcuma longa (Turmeric) | Ethanolic | As a whole | N/A | 30 | 30 | 100 | [52] |
2017 | Bunium Persicum (Black Caraway) | Hydrodistillation | Seeds | Β-terpinene (28%) | 15 | 10 | 100 | [53] |
2017 | Poikilacanthus glandulosus (Ariza) | Ethanolic | Branches | Polyphenols and Flavonoids | 0.01 | 15 | 100 | [54] |
2017 | Ephedra (Mormon tea) | Methanolic | Root, stem and leave | N/A | 1 | 60 | 99.09 | [55] |
2017 | Artemisia sieberi (Wormwood) | Hydrodistillation | Aerial parts | Alpha-Thujone (31.5%) | 0.005 | 120 | 99.30 | [56] |
2017 | Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) | Hydrodistillation | Aerial parts | Thymol (41.8%), Carvacrol (28.8%), and p-Cymene (8.4%) | 0.1 | 10 | 100 | [57] |
2017 | Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) | Aqueous | Leaves | Gallic acid and Rutin | 200 | 5 | 100 | [58] |
2017 | Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) | Hydrodistillation | Bark | Cinnamaldehyde (91.8%), Metoxicinamate (1.57%), and α pinene (1.25%) | 0.05 | 5 | 100 | [59] |
2017 | Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) | N/A | Tree oil | Terpinen-4-ol (35.4%), α-Terpinene (11%), γ-Terpinene (20.4%) and 1,8-Cineole (3.4%) | 20 | 5 | 90 | [60] |
2018 | Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) | Methanolic | Aerial parts | N/A | 100 | 40 | 100 | [61] |
2018 | Artemisia (Wormwood) | Methanolic | NA | N/A | 100 | 15 | 97.24 | [62] |
2018 | Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) | Methanolic | Seeds | Spinasterol | 50 | 60 | 100 | [63] |
2019 | Artemisia sieberi (Wormwood) | Aqueous | As a whole | N/A | 50 | 20 | 100 | [64] |
2019 | Myrtus communis (True myrtle) | Methanolic | Leaves | N/A | 100 | 20 | 100 | [65] |
2019 | Eucalyptus globulus (Bluegum) | NA | Leaves | Eucalyptol (79.32%) | 5 | 3 | 100 | [66] |
2019 | Olea europaea (Olive) | Ethanolic | Leaves | N/A | 150 | 25 | 100 | [67] |
2019 | Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) | Ethanolic | Aerial parts | Flavonoids, Alkaloids and Saponins | 50 | 30 | 97.92 | [68] |
2019 | Citrullus colocynthis (Colocynth) | Methanolic | Fruits | N/A | 16 | 120 | 100 | [69] |
2019 | Eucalyptus globules (Bluegum) | Aqueous | Leaf | Eucalyptol (79.32%) | 10 | 5760 | 94 | [70] |
2019 | Allium sativum (Garlic) | Chloroformic | Fresh garlic | N/A | 200 | 1 | 100 | [71] |
2019 | Satureja hortensis (Summer savory) | Aqueous | Aerial parts | Carvacrol and γ-terpinene | 1 | 20 | 100 | [72] |
2019 | Zingiber officinale (Ginger) | Ethanolic | Rhizomes sheets | N/A | 200 | 30 | 100 | [73] |
2019 | Punica granatum (Pomegranate) | Alcoholic | Stem and root | N/A | 9 | 1440 | 100 | [74] |
2019 | Curcuma longa (Turmeric) | Hydrodistillation | Rhizome | α-turmerone (27.1%) β- turmerone (21.8%), l-phellandrene (8.8%), and ρ-cymene (5.4%) | 0.1 | 5 | 100 | [75] |
2019 | Pelargonium roseum | Hydrodistillation | Leaves | N/A | 0.05 | 60 | 100 | [76] |
2020 | Lepidium sativum (Garden cress) | Aqueous | Leaves | N/A | 100 | 15 | 100 | [77] |
2020 | Taxus baccata (Common yew) | Hydroalcoholic | As a whole | Octane (13.36%), 4-methoxycarbonyl 3,5-diphenyl-1 (8.30%), and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (10.75%) | 150 | 60 | 66.60 | [78] |
2020 | Cucurbita moschata (Pumpkin) | Hydroalcoholic | Seeds | N/A | 1 | 60 | 16 | [79] |
2020 | Grape + apple vinegar | N/A | As a whole | N/A | 5 | 5 | 100 | [80] |
2020 | Cannabis sativa (Hemp) | N/A | Aerial parts | N/A | 0.01 | 10 | 26.08 | [81] |
2020 | Mentha species (Lamiaceae) | Methanolic | Aerial parts | Phenolic, Flavonoid and Flavonol contents | 200 | 10 | 99.54 | [82] |
2020 | Curcuma zadoaria (White turmeric) | Hydrodistillation | Rhizome | Pentadecane (29.6%), Delta-3-Carene (14.7%), and Cis-Cinnamic Acid (8.4%) | 0.15 | 7 | 100 | [83] |
2020 | Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) | Aqueous | As a whole | N/A | 2 | 5 | 100 | [84] |
2020 | Ziziphora tenuior (Mint) | Ethanolic | Shoots | Thymol | 100 | 240 | 40.25 | [85] |
2021 | Capparis Spinosa (Caper) | Methanolic | Fruit | Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids, Glycosides and Alkaloids | 300 | 20 | 100 | [86] |
2021 | Piper longum (Long pepper) | Methanolic | Fruits | Phenolics, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Terpenoids, and Glycoside | 100 | 60 | 100 | [87] |
2021 | Atriplex halimus (Orache) | Aqueous | Leaves | Phenolic and Flavonoids | 60 | 120 | 99.36 | [88] |
2021 | Sideritis perfoliate (Ironwort) | Methanolic | Leaves and flowers | Fumaric acid (260.13 mg/L), Syringic acid (27.92 mg/L) and Caffeic acid (26.84 mg/L), and a Flavonoid, luteolin (11.23 mg/L) | 25 | 60 | 100 | [89] |
2021 | Ruta graveolens (Common rue) | Methanolic | Aerial parts | Phenolic (25.53%), Flavonoids (6.6%) and Tannins (8.0%) | 40 | 720 | 100 | [90] |
2021 | Saussurea costus (Costus) | Ethanolic | Root | N/A | 250 | 60 | 100 | [91] |
2021 | Zataria spp. (Satar) | Hydrodistillation | Leaves | Carvacrol and Thymol | 100 | 1 | 100 | [92] |
2021 | Allium noeanum (Reut) | Ethanolic | Leaves | Flavonoid | 0.49 | 0.5 | 100 | [93] |
2021 | Ferula macrecolea (Koma) | Hydrodistillation | Leaves | Terpinolene (77.72%), n-Nonanal (4.47%), and Linalool (4.35%) | 0.3 | 10 | 100 | [94] |
2021 | Cassia fistula (Golden shower) | Ethanolic | Fruits | N/A | 100 | 60 | 67.74 | [95] |
2021 | Silybum marianum (Milk thistle) | Ethanolic | Seeds | Silydianin (14.41%), Isosilybin A (10.50%), and Silychristin (10.46%) | 0.5 | 60 | 77 | [96] |
Year | Botanical Name (Common Name) | Extraction Method | Part Used | Phytochemical Component | Experimental Animal | Concentration (mg/mL) | Exposure Time (min) | Scolicidal Efficacy (%) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) | Diethyl ether | Aerial parts | Gallic acid (1.1618 mg/g), Catechin(2.808 mg/g), Caffeic acid (5.531 mg/g), and Quercetin (9.961 mg/g) | Mice | 0.04 | 43,200 | Significant | [97] |
2014 | Zingiber officinale (Ginger) | Ethanolic | As a whole | N/A | Mice | 150 | 60 | 100 | [98] |
2014 | Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) | Methanolic | Leaves | Thymol (66.9%), Carvacrol (15.2%), and Carvone (7.3%) | Mice | 8 | 43,200 | 100 | [99] |
2015 | Artemisia Herba-alba (Wormwood) | Ethanolic | Leaves and flowers | Alkaloids, Phenols | Mice | 0.28 | 1440 | 55.17 | [100] |
2016 | Pistacia vera (Pistachio) | Hydrodistillation | Branch | Essential oil | Mice | 200 | 10 | 100 | [101] |
2016 | Punica granatum (Pomegranate) | Aqueous | Peels | N/A | Mice | 16 | 2880 | 100 | [102] |
2017 | Zataria multiflora (Shirazi thyme) | Hydrodistillation | Essential oil | Thymol | Mice | 2 | 10 | 100 | [103] |
2018 | Allium sativum (Garlic) | Methanolic | Garlic cloves | 1% Alliin | Mice | 80 | 43,200 | Significant | [104] |
2018 | Sophora moorcroftiana | N/A | Seeds | N/A | Mice | 0.25 | 60,480 | 76.1 | [105] |
2019 | Punica granatum (Pomegranate) | Aqueous | Peel | N/A | Mice | 0.65 | 86,400 | 66.7 | [106] |
2019 | Algerian propolis (Propolis) | Ethanolic | N/A | Polyphenol, Flavonoid | Mice | 25 | 10 | 100 | [107] |
2020 | Nigella sativa (Black cumin) | Ionotropic gelation technique | Seed | N/A | Mice | 1.14 | 86,400 | 100 | [108] |
2020 | Zataria multiflora | Essential oil and oleic acid | Essential oil | N/A | Mice | 20 | 10 | 100 | [109] |
2021 | Allium sativum (Garlic) | Methanolic | N/A | N/A | Mice | 50 | 10 | 100 | [110] |
2021 | Annona squamosa (Sugar apple) | Alcoholic | Leaves | N/A | Rats | 100 | 2880 | 100 | [111] |
Plant | Part of Plant Used | Extraction Method | IC50 |
---|---|---|---|
Piper longum | Dry fruits | Methanolic extract | 20 mg/mL for 60 min |
Ruta graveolens L. | Stems and leaves | Methanolic Extract | 40 mg/mL for 120 min |
Atriplex halimus | Leaves | Aqueous extract | 40 mg/mL for 90 min |
Algerian propolis | Buds of poplar and cone-bearing trees | Ethanolic extract | 74.65 ± 9.79 µg/mL |
Iranian Mentha | Stems, leaves, and fruits | Physiological serum | 200 mg/mL 30 min |
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Alvi, M.A.; Khan, S.; Ali, R.M.A.; Qamar, W.; Saqib, M.; Faridi, N.Y.; Li, L.; Fu, B.-Q.; Yan, H.-B.; Jia, W.-Z. Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000–2021). Life 2022, 12, 676. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050676
Alvi MA, Khan S, Ali RMA, Qamar W, Saqib M, Faridi NY, Li L, Fu B-Q, Yan H-B, Jia W-Z. Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000–2021). Life. 2022; 12(5):676. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050676
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlvi, Mughees Aizaz, Sadiq Khan, Rana Muhammad Athar Ali, Warda Qamar, Muhammad Saqib, Noman Yousaf Faridi, Li Li, Bao-Quan Fu, Hong-Bin Yan, and Wan-Zhong Jia. 2022. "Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000–2021)" Life 12, no. 5: 676. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050676