Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception
1
Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, via L. Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy
2
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
3
Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Peng-Hui Wang
Life 2021, 11(2), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020110
Received: 9 January 2021
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Revised: 21 January 2021
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Accepted: 28 January 2021
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Published: 1 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Nutrition for a Healthy Life)
Background: Breastfeeding has effects on health throughout the lives of mothers and babies. In 2014 in Italy, 10,976 babies were born through ART (assisted reproductive technology), accounting for 2.2% of annual births. The study aims to assess how both social and biological variables and the mode of conception influence breastfeeding. Methods: This observational study involves 161 pregnancies from three different modes of conception: homologous in vitro fertilization, ovum donation, and spontaneous pregnancies. Neonatal and maternal characteristics were collected from the hospital database, while breastfeeding outcomes were obtained through telephone interviews. Results: The mode of conception did not influence any of the breastfeeding outcomes. Breastfeeding duration was negatively affected by smoking. Vaginal delivery, birth weight > 2500 g, delivery > 37 gestational weeks, breastfeeding intention, and rooming-in are positively associated with the initiation of breastfeeding, while skin-to-skin contact and receiving information concerning breastfeeding are the most significant variables associated with its exclusivity and duration. Conclusions: The duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding are mainly related with information thereon, promotion, and breastfeeding support, but not with the mode of conception. It is essential to adequately support women from the outset in breastfeeding, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Pileri, P.; di Bartolo, I.; Mazzocco, M.I.; Casazza, G.; Giani, S.; Cetin, I.; Savasi, V.M. Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception. Life 2021, 11, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020110
AMA Style
Pileri P, di Bartolo I, Mazzocco MI, Casazza G, Giani S, Cetin I, Savasi VM. Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception. Life. 2021; 11(2):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020110
Chicago/Turabian StylePileri, Paola, Ilenia di Bartolo, Martina I. Mazzocco, Giovanni Casazza, Sofia Giani, Irene Cetin, and Valeria M. Savasi. 2021. "Breastfeeding: Biological and Social Variables in Different Modes of Conception" Life 11, no. 2: 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020110
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