Histological and SEM Assessment of Blood Stasis in Kidney Blood Vessels after Repeated Intra-Arterial Application of Radiographic Contrast Media
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Animals
2.3. Iodinated Contrast Media
2.4. Kidney Explantation
2.5. Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining (HE Staining)
2.5.1. Microscopic Evaluation of The Samples
2.5.2. Staining Quality
2.6. Fibrin Stain According to Weigert
2.7. Detection of Blood Stasis
2.8. Preparation of Samples for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.9. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. HE Staining
3.1.1. Blood Stasis in Kidney Vessels
3.1.2. Correlation Between Blood Stasis and Kidney Regions
3.2. Fibrin Staining According to Weigert
3.3. SEM Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Contrast Media | Iodine Concentration [mg/mL] | Osmolality [mOsmol/kg Water] | Viscosity (37 °C) [mPa.s] |
---|---|---|---|
Iodixanol (Visipaque™) | 320 | 290 | 11.4 |
Iopromide (Ultravist™) | 370 | 770 | 9.5 |
Renal Region | Capillaries | Capillaries | Vessel Ø 15–30 µm | Vessel Ø 15–30 µm | Vessel Ø 30–300 µm | Vessel Ø 30–300 µm | Vessel Ø >300 µm | Vessel Ø >300 µm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iodixanol | Iopromide | Iodixanol | Iopromide | Iodixanol | Iopromide | Iodixanol | Iopromide | |
Capsule-Near Cortex | 0 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 |
Mid-Cortex | 0 | 5 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 3 |
Cortico-Medullary Transition | 0 | 20 | 27 | 46 | 2 | 44 | 0 | 0 |
Mid-Medulla | 2 | 20 | 18 | 95 | 1 | 59 | 0 | 0 |
Papilla-Near Medulla | 1 | 11 | 7 | 35 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
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Lamby, P.; Minkow, A.; Handt, S.; Falter, J.; Schellenberg, E.-L.; Graf, S.; Hiebl, B.; Haerteis, S.; Gemeinhardt, O.; Krüger-Genge, A.; et al. Histological and SEM Assessment of Blood Stasis in Kidney Blood Vessels after Repeated Intra-Arterial Application of Radiographic Contrast Media. Life 2020, 10, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090167
Lamby P, Minkow A, Handt S, Falter J, Schellenberg E-L, Graf S, Hiebl B, Haerteis S, Gemeinhardt O, Krüger-Genge A, et al. Histological and SEM Assessment of Blood Stasis in Kidney Blood Vessels after Repeated Intra-Arterial Application of Radiographic Contrast Media. Life. 2020; 10(9):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090167
Chicago/Turabian StyleLamby, Philipp, Alexander Minkow, Stefan Handt, Johannes Falter, Eva-Lotte Schellenberg, Stefanie Graf, Bernhard Hiebl, Silke Haerteis, Ole Gemeinhardt, Anne Krüger-Genge, and et al. 2020. "Histological and SEM Assessment of Blood Stasis in Kidney Blood Vessels after Repeated Intra-Arterial Application of Radiographic Contrast Media" Life 10, no. 9: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090167