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Article

Chen-Type Inequalities for PS-Submanifolds in Complex Space Forms

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 65892, Riyadh 11566, Saudi Arabia
Axioms 2026, 15(5), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15050339
Submission received: 16 March 2026 / Revised: 27 April 2026 / Accepted: 1 May 2026 / Published: 5 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Differential Geometry and Algebraic Topology, 2nd Edition)

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate Chen’s δ-invariant for partially slant (PS) submanifolds of complex space forms. A PS-submanifold admits an orthogonal decomposition of the tangent bundle into a proper slant distribution and an arbitrary ambiguous distribution. Using the Gauss equation together with algebraic optimization techniques, we derive a Chen-type inequality relating the δ-invariant to the squared mean curvature, the holomorphic sectional curvature of the ambient space, and the slant angle of the slant distribution. Unlike the classical Chen inequality for slant submanifolds, the obtained estimate contains an additional term reflecting the contribution of the ambiguous distribution. Several corollaries are derived, including dimension-dependent bounds and special cases corresponding to hemi-slant and semi-slant submanifolds. The equality case is also characterized in terms of the structure of the shape operators. These results provide a natural extension of Chen-type inequalities to the broader framework of partially slant geometry in Kähler manifolds.
Keywords: partially slant submanifold; Chen δ-invariant; complex space form; slant distribution; Chen inequality partially slant submanifold; Chen δ-invariant; complex space form; slant distribution; Chen inequality

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aquib, M. Chen-Type Inequalities for PS-Submanifolds in Complex Space Forms. Axioms 2026, 15, 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15050339

AMA Style

Aquib M. Chen-Type Inequalities for PS-Submanifolds in Complex Space Forms. Axioms. 2026; 15(5):339. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15050339

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aquib, Md. 2026. "Chen-Type Inequalities for PS-Submanifolds in Complex Space Forms" Axioms 15, no. 5: 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15050339

APA Style

Aquib, M. (2026). Chen-Type Inequalities for PS-Submanifolds in Complex Space Forms. Axioms, 15(5), 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15050339

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