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Article

Extremely Exceptional Sets on Run-Length Function for Reals in Beta-Dynamical System

1
School of Statistics and Data Science, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
2
School of Mathematics, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Axioms 2025, 14(8), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080631
Submission received: 29 June 2025 / Revised: 6 August 2025 / Accepted: 9 August 2025 / Published: 12 August 2025

Abstract

The extremely exceptional set for the run-length function in the beta-dynamical system is investigated in this study. For any real x in (0,1], the run-length function related to x that measures the maximal length of the initial digit sequence of the β-expansion of x appears consecutively among the first n digits of the β-expansion of another real number y in (0,1]. The extremely exceptional set consists of all real numbers y with run-length exhibiting extreme oscillatory behavior: the limit inferior of the ratio of the run-length function to the logarithm base β of n is zero, while the limit superior of this same ratio is infinity. We prove that the Hausdorff dimension of this set is either 0 or 1, determined solely by the asymptotic scaling of the basic intervals containing x. Crucially, for all x belonging to (0,1], the set is residual in [0,1], which implies that its boxing dimension is 1, which generalizes some known results.
Keywords: β-expansion; extremely exceptional set; Hausdorff dimension; run-length function; residual set β-expansion; extremely exceptional set; Hausdorff dimension; run-length function; residual set

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zheng, L.; Wu, Z.; Yuan, N. Extremely Exceptional Sets on Run-Length Function for Reals in Beta-Dynamical System. Axioms 2025, 14, 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080631

AMA Style

Zheng L, Wu Z, Yuan N. Extremely Exceptional Sets on Run-Length Function for Reals in Beta-Dynamical System. Axioms. 2025; 14(8):631. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080631

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng, Lixuan, Ziying Wu, and Na Yuan. 2025. "Extremely Exceptional Sets on Run-Length Function for Reals in Beta-Dynamical System" Axioms 14, no. 8: 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080631

APA Style

Zheng, L., Wu, Z., & Yuan, N. (2025). Extremely Exceptional Sets on Run-Length Function for Reals in Beta-Dynamical System. Axioms, 14(8), 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080631

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